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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
Forest Hill Cemetery, found in the city of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, is recognizable by its rolling green hills, large number of head stones and burial sites, and wide open landscape. It was first established in 1856 and was designed by the architect Amasa Farrier. It is also well-known for its prominence of military members who are buried on the site as well as various ethnicities including French, English, Irish, German, Greek, Hispanic, and more. Mt. Elam Road, the road where the cemetery resides, also has significant historical value for the city. According to the Fitchburg Reconnaissance Report this road was first built in order to be a "designated scenic road" and also connects to downtown Fitchburg as well as Route 2. The geology of the city also plays an important role to Forest Hill Cemetery. Perhaps the most striking aspect of these burial grounds is the rise and fall of the hills on the property. The Fitchburg Reconnaissance Report says that, during the ice age, ice settled in the area and helped to create the "bowl shaped area" as well as the steep hills found in the city and in the cemetery. It is likely that these hills were an inspiration for the name of the cemetery. The largest cemetery in Fitchburg, it currently has approximately 60,000 grave sites, and there are currently plans to expand the site over the next 5-7 years according to the <em>Sentinel and Enterprise</em> newspaper. While this cemetery is certainly unique in its own ways, it still represents the traditional values of American burial practices. These values are noticeably different in other cultures, specifically the Old Norse burial practices of the Middle Ages. <br /><br />The Nordic burial mounds found in Jelling, Denmark are a striking example of the differences between the pagan burial rituals of the Norse and the modern American rituals. These two nearly identical mounds are about 70 meters in diameter and 11 meters high. These mounds would be built over the graves of prevalent members of the Norse community and are intricately layered to ensure they would last for centuries. A later addition to the mounds, a runic stone erected by Harald Bluetooth, represents the shift from a pagan society to a Christian one in later years. This site also once contained the first Christian church built in Jelling. This site offers an ideal illustration for the sudden shift in religious ideas and customs for the Norse people. Changing burial practices and other customs are also something that can be seen in the Icelandic sagas. <br /><br />The Icelandic sagas, the lore and founding literature of these people, contains scenes of burial procedures and how these procedures were affected by the shift from paganism to Christianity. This is specifically apparent in <em>Erik the Red's Saga</em>. In chapter 6 of this saga, we see Thorstein who, along with many of his fellow villagers, has succumbed to sickness. He returns from the dead to tell Gurdid, a female villager, that he wishes to be buried with the new Christian rituals. He says to her from beyond the grave, "These [pagan] practices will not do… I want to have my corpse taken to a church" (664). Only after Thorstein and his fellow villagers have been buried in consecrated grounds do their spirits finally rest. This scene represents the shift in religious views as well as burial rituals, something that was important to the Norse people as well as the people of the United States. While there are certainly differences between the customary rituals of medieval Norse culture and modern-day American culture, the value of finding appropriate places to bury our dead remains constant in these societies. This can be seen at the Forest Hill Cemetery in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, as well as at the historical site of Jelling, Denmark.
Bibliography
Dobbins, Elizabeth. “Fitchburg Looks to Expand Forest Hill Cemetery.” <em>Sentinel and Enterprise</em>, 30 Aug. 2017. <br /><br /><span class="TF">"Erik the Red's Saga." <i>The Sagas of Icelanders: A Selection. </i>Edited by Jane Smiley, and Robert Leland Kellogg. Translated by Keneva Kunz. Penguin, New York, 2001. </span><br /><br />Freedom's Way Heritage Association. <em>Fitchburg Reconaissance Report: Freedom's Way Landscape Inventory</em>. 2006, ci.fitchburg.ma.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/482.<br /><br />Galvin, William Francis. “Welcome to MACRIS.” <em>Welcome to MACRIS</em>, mhc-macris.net/. <br /><br />“Jelling Mounds, Runic Stones and Church.” <em>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</em>, whc.unesco.org/en/list/697. <br /><br /><span class="TF"></span>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Katie Duncan, Student, Fitchburg State University
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Alexander Dewhurst, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant
Matthew McCann, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
<span>Matthew McCann, Student, Fitchburg State University</span>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Jelling, Denmark - Gorms Høj; Fitchburg, MA - Forest Hill Cemetery
british literature I fall 2017
burial practices
cemetery
denmark
FAMExhibition
fitchburg
grave
hammondexhibition
massachusetts
middle ages fall 2017
photography ii fall 2017
sagas
viking
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
GLASTONBURY ABBEY, UK<br /><br />The original picture I had chosen for this project was of Glastonbury Abbey, located in Somersetshire, England. Glastonbury Abbey is the supposed burial place of both King Arthur and his Queen Guenevere. I have been completing some research into Thomas Malory’s <em>Le Morte d’Arthur</em> and thought that this photograph was of great importance to the legacy of the story and should be addressed on a deeper level. The legend of King Arthur is timeless and well-known throughout the world of literary scholars and beyond, which makes this abbey a fascinating site of cultural heritage. <br /><br />TEXTUAL EVIDENCE <br /><br />In the text <em>Le Morte d’Arthur</em>, there are many references to the original site and its scenery. In the text, Guenevere does state the want to be buried next to her King: “Hither he cometh as fast as he may to fetch my corpse, and beside my lord King Arthur, he may bury me” (Malory 738). This correlates to the findings at the actual site of Glastonbury Abbey, where two corpses were found buried who were thought to be Arthur and Guinevere, and both remains were confirmed as one male and one female. It is also mentioned that Lancelot had brought the remains of Guenevere to Glastonbury: “How sir Launcelot went with his seven followers to Almesbury, found there Queen Guenevere dead, whom they brought to Glastonbury” (Malory 738). These literary clues along with evidence of the found bodies take the legend of King Arthur a bit closer to reality, and as remarkable as that is within its own right, the fact that the world still offers the original site intact is marvelous. Seeing how other locations around the world have taken the style and grace of the abbey, it’s exciting to see the heritage become much more prevalent within places that affect societies further than their own backyard. <br /><br />GLASTONBURY ABBEY, HINGHAM, MA. <br /><br />Here in America’s New England, there are plenty of nods to our former roots in the UK. If the name of “New England” itself isn’t enough, there are also towns like Worcester, Bedford, Bridgewater, Alton, and more. Perhaps the most fascinating, however, is the inclusion of some ancient architectural nods found throughout the region matching that of old texts. Although the original Glastonbury Abbey is located in Somersetshire, England, there is another Glastonbury Abbey found in Hingham, Massachusetts. This abbey is named after the original and takes pride in the associated fame of its legendary history. Due to the medieval context of the original's history, along with it being the “earliest site of Christianity in England”, the abbey in Hingham pays homage to its existence and keeps its culture alive here in the United States. With the surrounding towns of Hingham, MA, have some English connection, the abbey decided it would be a perfect site to extend its notable history and valued presence. The abbeys themselves are both made of stone, resembling that of a castle, with plentiful flowers and gardens around the outside edging. The windows vary from regular glass to stained glass, and both the original Glastonbury Abbey and the Hingham site are still active monasteries to this day. Both of the sites are connected through religion and the deep ties that bind their faith further can be seen in the similar ambience, scenery, architecture, and belief.
Bibliography
<p>“Accessibility Navigation.” <em>Glastonbury Abbey: The Archaeological Story</em>, www.reading.ac.uk/archaeology/research/projects/arch-rg-glastonbury.aspx.<br /><br />“Excavations at Glastonbury Abbey: Reassessing the Medieval Monastery.” <em>m</em><em>edievalists.net</em>, 9 Nov. 2017, http://www.medievalists.net/2017/11/excavations-glastonbury-abbey-1908-79-reassessing-medieval-monastery/.<br /><br />Urbanus, Jason. “Legends of Glastonbury Abbey.” <em>Archaeology Magazine</em>, 16 Feb. 2016, www.archaeology.org/issues/208-1603/trenches/4172-trenches-england-glastonbury-abbey.</p>
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Michael Workman, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant
Matthew Badagliacca, Student, Fitchburg State University
Patrick Brophy, Student, Fitchburg State University
Noah Milliard, Student, Fitchburg State University
Other Suggested Pairings
MYLES STANDISH CEMETERY, DUXBURY, MA <br /><br />There are plenty of other sites around New England that can connect in some way to the literature and cultural heritage of<em> Le Morte d’Arthur</em> and Glastonbury abbey. The Myles Standish cemetery in Duxbury, MA, is the oldest cemetery found within America. It’s long standing history of staying intact, along with the aged stonework are a perfect display of how this old burial place of individuals has withstood the test of time, while gaining some fame over the years for its age and look, similar to that of Glastonbury Abbey. <br /><br />CUMBERLAND MONASTERY, CUMBERLAND, R.I. <br /><br />Another site which connects in some way is the Cumberland Monastery in Cumberland, Rhode Island. This site is home of the “Nine Men’s Misery,” where legend has it nine men were slain and buried on it’s ground by the Indians in Pierce’s fight March 26, 1676. This legend of these men has grown across the local area, and although much more modern than the legend of King Arthur, it relates due to its idea of a lost figure(s) killed and buried within religious grounds. To add to religious and legendary history, the monastery is a beautiful place where nature thrives, amongst sunny skies and a peaceful setting that makes death seem a little less intimidating.
Research Assistant(s)
Matthew Badagliacca, Student, Fitchburg State University <br />Patrick Brophy, Student, Fitchburg State University <br />Noah Milliard, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Glastonbury, UK - Glastonbury Abbey; Hingham, MA - Glastonbury Abbey
abbey
british literature I fall 2017
england
king arthur
massachusetts
middle ages fall 2017
religion
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<p>There are many ways to depict innocence in a story. Words used to describe innocence can be “small,” “little,” “young,” etc. These could also be related to a small or young child or a location such as a small town. <br /><br />Dorchester is a historic neighborhood located in Boston, MA. It was founded by Puritans in 1630 who emigrated from Dorchester, Dorset, England. It is currently Boston’s largest neighborhood. Dorchester is home to the oldest religious organization in Boston, a church that was originally created as the First Parish Church of Dorchester and still remains today. In addition to this accomplishment, Dorchester is also home to the first and oldest public elementary school in America, the Mather School. The school was created in 1639 and also stands today. Dorchester was founded only a few months before the city of Boston was founded, showing a scale of how important this neighborhood was historically for the growth of America. <br /><br />The story of <em>The Prioress’s Tale</em> takes place in a small Christian town somewhere in Asia. Children are a reoccurring topic in the story, representing innocence. The focus of the story is of a Christian boy, who is murdered on his way home from school by a group of Jewish boys who were told to do so by Satan himself. The neighborhood of Dorchester, to me, reminds me of these scenes. The schools and churches are small as well as the neighborhood itself. It was a religious town, which resembles the town in which the story took place. <br /><br />A marble font of Saint Nicholas in Winchester Cathedral is also a good reminder of the story. The Tournai Marble Font was bought from Tournai, in modern Belgium, in the 12th century and is still there today. The block this piece of art was carved from weighed around 1.5 tons and dates back to around 1150. It is the finest of ten fonts in England. In this time period, sculptures were created as iconic messages to be shared. This particular font is decorated with the extraordinary life of Saint Nicholas with symbolic animals such as birds and lions. It is thought to be a gift from Henry of Blois, William the Conqueror’s grandson. Saint Nicholas was known as a man who committed many acts of kindness, especially to children, leading to his identification with Santa Claus. The carvings on the font show multiple stories, but all of them revolve around Saint Nicholas. A few of the stories depict St. Nicholas bringing people back to life. Fonts are mainly used as a symbol of the start of Christian life. They also hold the water in which babies are baptized. It is still used for baptisms today. This relates to Chaucer’s <em>The Prioress’ Tale</em> due to the fact that Saint Nicholas is the patron saint of children by means of acts of kindness. The fact that he brought people back to life resonates with the story, specifically when the Christian boy who was murdered comes back to life singing the song of the Vigin Mary that caused the boys to murder him in the first place.</p>
<em>Photo: Western Union telegram sent from Dorchester to Fitchburg congratulating a family member on the birth of a child (from Fitchburg Historical Society collection).</em>
Bibliography
“A Brief History of Dorchester.” <em>MyDorchester</em>, mydorchester.org/history. <br /><br />Taylor, Earl. “Dorchester MA, Town History 1630-1870.” <em>Dorchester Atheneum</em>, www.dorchesteratheneum.org/page.php?id=52. <br /><br />“Tournai Marble Font.” <em>Winchester Cathedral</em>, www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk/our- heritage/cathedral-treasures/tournai-marble-font/.
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Mitchell LeBlanc, Student, Fitchburg State University
Accessible Description of Image(s)
First image: There are people etched in stone. The photo is in black and white. The main statues are men, and they are holding a stick-like object in their hands. The etching is on the side of a fountain.
Description by: Courtney Hastings, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Winchester, UK - Saint Nicholas Font (Winchester Cathedral); Boston, MA - Dorchester
artifact
cathedral
chaucer
england
FAMExhibition
fitchburg historical society
hammondexhibition
massachusetts
middle ages fall 2017
religion
saint
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4d5c9985bc9dd358c42ec8385f140afb
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<p>In the beautiful country of Iceland there are a couple of dozen waterfalls, but none of them compare to the great Skógafoss located in Skógar. Skógafoss is one of the largest waterfalls in the country; from where the water flows over to the splash down is a sixty-meter fall and stretches twenty-five feet wide. Because of the constant mist that rises up there is always a rainbow or even two that glow amazingly across the fall. This waterfall is also an attraction for treasure hunters. Legend has it that Þrasi Þórólfsson was the first settler in Skógar around 900 CE. He was known as a great warrior, but most certainly greedy in his old age. When he believed that his life was coming to an end, he decided that he was going to take his money with him. He filled a chest with all of his gold and valuable items and sank it into the water under Skógafoss. Time and time again people have claimed they have seen it, but then would glance away and could not find it again. One man was able to get a rope through a ring on the side of the chest, but as he was pulling it up the ring broke off and the chest sunk back down. The man that was left with just a ring brought it to a church in Skógar where it hung on the door; since then the church has been demolished, and the ring is held at a the Skógar Museum.<br /><br />In 1658 an all-black ship appeared in the harbor of Lynn, MA. Four men and a chest lowered from the ship, and they were quickly named pirates throughout the town. The men sailed up the Saugus River to the iron works to purchase tools such as hatchets, shovels, and shackles. The tools were crafted as they were getting paid in silver. The pirates set up camp on the Saugus River in the spot which is now known as Pirate’s Glen, but word got out that they were staying there and British soldiers went out to look for them. Three were captured and hung, but one was able to escape. His name was Thomas Veal, and he escaped deep into the woods and started living in a cave. Over time he lived in peace as a member of the Lynn community. One day, a sudden earthquake shook the Lynn area, and a large rock tipped forward permanently sealing the cave entrance and trapping Veal and his treasure forever. This location is now known as Dungeon Rock. Although the area was searched for years no one has been able to find the treasure.<br /><br />The two men, Þrasi Þórólfsson and Thomas Veal, share much in common with the great Viking Erik the Red. In the Icelandic <em>Erik the Red’s Saga</em>, Erik is banned from Iceland due to a few murders and has to set sail with his followers to new land. They ended up in Greenland, which was undiscovered until his time. When he arrived in Greenland he left his mark by naming new towns after himself and family just as Þrasi left his chest that now plays a part in Icelandic heritage, as does Dungeon Rock in Lynn Woods.</p>
Bibliography
"Dungeon Rock." <em>Friends of Lynn Woods, </em>flw.org/dungeonrockhistory.htm. <br /><p>Hjálmarsson, Jon R. "Gold Under Skogafoss." <em>Icelandic Times, </em>Feb. 2016, icelandictimes.com/gold-under-skogafoss/. </p>
<span class="TF"><i>The Vinland Sagas: The Icelandic Sagas about the First Documented Voyages Across the North Atlantic. </i>Translated by Keneva Kunz. Penguin, 2008. </span>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Lovell Mumford, Student, Fitchburg State University
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Daniel Keating, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Annie Saball, Student, Fitchburg State University
Accessible Description of Image(s)
First image: A waterfall that is set back to the left of the photo. The waterfall is surrounded by a cliff with greenery. In the mist of the water there is a faint but present rainbow.
Description by: McKenzie Lambert, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Skógá River, Iceland - Skógafoss; Lynn, MA - Dungeon Rock
british literature I fall 2017
iceland
massachusetts
middle ages fall 2017
natural heritage
photography ii fall 2017
pirate
sagas
viking
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Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
The heroic figure defending the downtrodden is available in most cultures. With the omnipresent threat of violence and invasion by outside forces and religions, the Middle Ages were a time fraught with peril. Because of this, society became fixated on the heroic feats of those believed to be ordained by God to deliver salvation. During the Middle Ages, the hero is a commonly seen figure in religious, literary, and historical contexts. <br /><br />The Old English tale of <em>Judith</em> is an epic story of a fearless Hebrew leader putting herself in harm's way in order to save her people. The titular character Judith is the de-facto leader of the Hebrew city of Bethulia. The lone city is besieged by an Assyrian army led by the evil general Holofernes. Going alone to the enemy encampment, Judith prays to the Almighty for the strength to decapitate the sinful Holofernes. Judith's accomplishments inspire her people to fight back and eventually eliminate the Assyrian army. Judith is noteworthy not only for being an example of a female hero in Old English literature, but also for being a symbol of religious protection. <br /><br />However, tales of a divine heroine fighting for the justice of her people are not exclusive to literature, as the historical figure Joan of Arc shares an uncanny number of similarities to fictional heroes. Joan of Arc believed that she received a premonition from God compelling her to take up arms against the English armies. Inspiring her fellow soldiers, Joan of Arc became a hero to the French and eventually succeeded in liberating Orleans. Joan of Arc, despite waging a war, remained faithful to her belief in God. In some instances, for example, she allowed English soldiers to retreat on a Sunday instead of killing them. Despite eventually being executed by the English, Joan of Arc became a martyr for the French cause and lived on as an icon. <br /><br />Similarly, community leaders in religious circles are often seen as heroes for their ability to help those around them. In Worcester, Massachusetts, early Italian immigrants faced ostracism by the Irish community due to having to share mass with the Irish Catholics at Saint Stephens Church. The Italians would need their own church in order to continue worshipping in their native tongue. Though an attempt to create an Italian parish started in 1890, it was eventually abandoned due to financial complications. In 1904, the project was revived by Monseigneur Gioachino Maffei, who would later become a spiritual leader for the Italian community in Worcester. By 1906, the “Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Church” was officially opene and stood as a welcoming place for Italian Catholics. <br /><br />Unfortunately, this historic parish and spiritual pillar of the Worcester community faces possible demolition in the near future. Since 2016, the church has been officially closed due to structural damages it received while being right next to Interstate 290. Repair costs range in the millions, and the property is on sale and currently still looking for a buyer.<br /><br />On a surface level, <em>Judith</em>, the story of Joan of Arc, and the church “Our Lady of Mt. Carmel” are clearly different, as Monseigneur Maffei building a church and Judith decapitating Holofernes should be quite obviously unrelated. While heroic figures can take many different forms, they all encompass a desire for protection and justice. The Italian parish of Worcester serves just as much as an icon as the monuments of Joan of Arc or the literary exploits of Judith.
Bibliography
"Archive of Most Endangered Historic Resources." <em>Preservation Massaachusetts, </em>2016, http://www.preservationmass.org/archive.<br /><br />“Joan of Arc.” <em>Biography.com,</em> 28 Apr. 2017, biography.com/people/joan-of-arc-9354756.<br /><br />Lucas, Peter J. “Judith and the Woman Hero.” <em>The Yearbook of English Studies,</em> vol. 22, 1992, pp. 17-27. <em>JSTOR, </em>jstor.org/stable/3508373.
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Jon Jones, Adult Learning in the Fitchburg Area (ALFA)
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Jacob Meck, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Chaz Deveney, Student, Fitchburg State University
Accessible Description of Image(s)
First image: Joan of Arc is standing tall and staring off in the distance with a serious expression. She is wearing metal armor that is blue and gold. There is gold detailing on the armor including a sword located in the center of her chest on a blue hexagon. The background is dark and looks like it may be a building. Joan is the focus of the image.
Description by: Laura Hildick, Student, Fitchburg State University
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Poitiers, France - Statue of Saint Joan of Arc (Église Saint-Hilaire-le-Grand); Worcester, MA - Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Church
british literature I fall 2017
church
FAMExhibition
france
hammondexhibition
judith
massachusetts
middle ages fall 2017
religion
statue
women
worcester
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Dublin Core
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Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<p>There are three legends of three knights in three different countries around the world. The first is the well-known legend of King Arthur and how he pulled the sword from stone. The second legend is the story of Sir Galgano, a knight who became a saint. The last legend is of Sir James Gunn, the knight of prince Henry Sinclair. All three of these stories involve a knight, a sword, and the legend they left behind. <br /><br />Although many have heard different stories of King Arthur, this story comes from <em>Le Morte d’Arthur</em> by Thomas Malory. As the story goes, Arthur, before he became the king, was raised by Sir Ector. Sir Kay and Sir Ector, his foster-brother, were planning to take part in a New Year’s joust. Sir Kay forgot his sword. Arthur goes back to their lodging to get Sir Kay’s sword and return it to him. When he arrives at the lodging he finds the placed locked with no one inside, so instead Arthur goes to a churchyard where he finds a sword in a stone. He “lightly and fiercely pulled it out of the stone” (Malory). This sword however was special; it can only be pulled from the sword by the true and rightful king of England. Many tried to pull the sword, but to no avail. This is the story of how Arthur becomes King. People see that he is able to pull the sword from the stone and realize he must be the king. This legend is an iconic one. While this story originates from England, a similar legend exists in Italy. <br /><br />The story of Sir Galgano is one of a knight who becomes a saint. The story goes that Sir Galgano was a famous knight, who was contacted by Archangel Michael in a dream. Michael leads this knight reluctantly to a hill in Monte Siepi, where a small circular church stood. Michael asked him to renounce all worldly pleasure. Being the short-tempered knight that he is, he says, “Indeed, I would gladly follow your order, but doing so for me would be as easy as splitting rocks with a sword.” Galgano draws his sword and strikes the rock to prove a point. Sir Galgano was expecting the sword to break, but the sword “penetrated the rock like a hot knife through butter” (O’Reilly). His story spread far and wide. The devil sent an evil man disguised as a monk to kill Galgano. The wolves he befriended killed this evil man protecting Galgano. A year after sinking the sword into the stone Galgano died. His story was so well-known that bishops and abbots attended the funeral. The sword can be seen even today, protruding from the jagged rock, surrounded by the Monte Siepi Chapel. His canonization, the process for someone to officially become a saint, began a few years after his death, in 1185. It was “suggested by some as the inspiration for the British legend,” the story of King Arthur in Britain (Horty). While these stories come from countries on the other side of the world, there is a legend of a knight in New England.<br /><br />Prince Henry Sinclair led an expedition to explore Nova Scotia and Massachusetts in 1398, 90 years before Columbus! The Westford knight is a carving of a knight with a cracked sword and a shield. This knight was one of Prince Sinclair’s knights. While he was exploring Massachusetts, the loyal attendant, by the name of Sir James Gunn, died. In memory of Sir James Gunn they carved an effigy into a rock. This rock had scratches on it previously and “were incorporated into the man-made design” ("The Westford Knight"). This carving was not always believed to be from a Scottish explorer. It was believed to be a Native American carving or a colonial one. <br /><br />These stories all have their differences and similarities. All originated in different countries, telling tales of three separate times. These stories, and the physical remnants they left behind, are important. They connect the history from every country.</p>
Bibliography
Horty, Daniel. "The Legendary Sword in the Stone of San Galgano." <em>Ancient Origins</em>, 28 Apr. 2014, www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-other-artifacts/legendary-sword-stone-san-galgano-002968. <br /><br />Malory, Thomas. <em>Le Morte D'Arthur</em>. Random House Publishing Group, 1999. <br /><br />O'Reilly, Hugh. "The Sword of St. Galgano." <em>Tradition in Action,</em> 5 Nov. 2016, traditioninaction.org/religious/h141_Galagano.htm. <br /><br />“The Westford Knight.” <em>Clan Gunn Society of North America</em>, clangunn.us/knight.htm.
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Olivia Grant, Student, Fitchburg State University
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Kyle Humphreys, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Nicholas Estrela, Student, Fitchburg State University
Accessible Description of Image(s)
First image: There is a sword, thrust directly into a large rock. By looking closer at the blade, you can almost feel as if the sword itself tells a story that stretches far beyond its appearance. The corroded blade guard tells a story as old as time itself. The handle lacks any kind of hand protection, but is curved and designed for the user to hold the weapon with ease. Finally, the blade is tapered off at the end with a circular end, likely important to its very design. The blade is sheathed within the rock itself.
Description by: Nicholas Bryant, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Chiusdino, Italy - Sword of Saint Galgano (Cappella di San Galgano a Montesiepi); Westford, MA - The Westford Knight
abbey
british literature I fall 2017
FAMExhibition
hammondexhibition
italy
king arthur
knight
massachusetts
middle ages fall 2017
photography ii fall 2017
saint
sword
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
The statue of Boudicca in London, England is in memoriam of the great Celtic queen of the Iceni tribe, who led a revolt against Rome after they removed her tribe’s status as allies and took her husband’s land after his death. Her objections to these actions were met with a flogging and the raping of her two daughters. Her revolt had her tearing Roman cities apart, leaving 80,000 Roman citizens dead before she was defeated. <br /><br /> A little closer to home, the Anne Hutchinson statue in Boston, Massachusetts was built to honor the bravery of Anne Hutchinson, a woman who was willing to express her own religious beliefs and challenge the sexism that held her to a submissive role. This led to her being banished from the community of Puritan Massachusetts; she then moved to the colony that is now known as Portsmouth, Rhode Island only to be killed by the Native Americans known as the Siwanoy alongside most of her children. <br /><br /> Judith was the young Hebrew woman who stood up on behalf of her people at Bethulia when an army arrived to conquer the land. Using her wits and beauty, Judith maneuvered her way to Holofernes, the leader of the army, and beheaded him in his sleep. This lead to her people rising up and taking back their land and Judith heralded as a hero.
Bibliography
<p><span class="TF"><span class="tf">Ades, David. "Boudicca."<i> Social Alternatives</i>, vol. 29, no. 1, 2010, pp. 48<i>, ProQuest Central</i>, https://web.fitchburgstate.edu:2443/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/213966314?accountid=10896.</span></span></p>
<p>McGunigal, Lisa. "The criminal trial of Anne Hutchinson: ritual, religion, and law." Mosaic: An interdisciplinary critical journal, vol. 49, no. 2, 2016, p. 149. General OneFile, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A462327512/ITOF?u=mlin_c_fitchcol&sid=ITOF&xid=75f74d22. <br /><br />Potter, T W. You Are Looking For. Oxford University Press, 23 Sept. 2004, ds5tw8cn5h.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.title=Oxford%2BDictionary%2Bof%2BNational%2BBiography&rft.au=T.%2BW.%2BPotter&rft.atitle=Boudicca&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft.pub=Oxford%2BUniversity%2BPress&rft.isbn=019861411X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F2732&rft.externalDocID=10_1093_ref_odnb_2732¶mdict=en-US. <br /><span class="TF"><span class="tf"> </span></span></p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Charles Gomez, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Megan Burnap, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
London, UK - Statue of Boudicca; Boston, MA - Statue of Anne Hutchinson
british literature I fall 2017
england
FAMExhibition
judith
massachusetts
middle ages fall 2017
photography ii fall 2017
statue
women
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<em>The Reeve’s Tale</em> from <em>The Canterbury Tales</em> by Geoffrey Chaucer, the photograph of St. Mary’s Church of Oxford University, and the photograph of Thompson Hall at Fitchburg State University have a connection that is revealed when looking in-depth at the cultural significance of both locations as well as the text. In <em>The Reeve’s Tale</em>, Chaucer tells us a story about a miller that steals from the townspeople. Not only does the miller partake in thievery, but he also has a negative view of the university students that are included in the tale. <br /><br />In Dr. Tracy’s photo, she captured a monstrous gargoyle overlooking Oxford University. The gargoyle follows the typical definition of a gargoyle, as its mouth is used as a water spout. Looking down upon the university as well as “spitting” down on to the university’s property is a fitting image to attach to T<em>he Reeve’s Tale</em> as the miller has negative thoughts towards the university students: “The gretteste clerkes been noght wisest men" (Chaucer Line 4054). This quotation in the story by Symkyn, the miller, shows just how lowly he thinks of men that look towards a fancy education as a means to attain wisdom. Combined with the fact that the miller has repeatedly stolen mill and recently increased the amount stolen by a hundredfold, this photo and text pairing work well as the gargoyle looks down on to the campus. <br /><br />Thompson Hall was built in 1896 and used as the only building on the campus of the State Normal School (previous name of school before Fitchburg State). The building was set on top of a hill with the entrance facing directly towards Myrtle Avenue. This was a beautiful site to see as you were driving north up North Street or Myrtle Avenue. However, after the building of Hammond Hall, the rest of the city was almost blocked off by the windowless brick side of the building facing North Street and Myrtle Ave (Jackson). This symbolized the relationship and the separation between the city and the university. <br /><br />As of today, the neighborhood that Thompson Hall faces is the ninth most dangerous neighborhood in the city ("Fitchburg, MA: Crime Rates"). According to the FBI’s 2016 Uniform Crime Report, the violent crime rate in Fitchburg sits at the tenth highest per capita in all of Massachusetts ("50 Mass Communities"). The crime rate around Thompson Hall reminds us of how lawless Symkyn is with his meal thievery. <br /><br />The interesting and ironic part of all of this is that John G. Thompson was quite the poet while also the first principal of the State Normal School. In line with how Symkyn looks at how one must be educated, Thompson says, “Learn by doing,” yet he was the principal of a formal higher education institution (Jackson). Imagine if John G. Thompson could travel into the story of <em>The Reeve’s Tale. </em>Could Principal Thompson influence Symkyn in a positive way? Would Symkyn see that formal education versus “street” education is not as black and white as he had previously thought? Beyond that, what if Principal Thompson travelled forward in time to when Hammond Hall was built? Would he allow for the building to be built with only brick facing the city? One would like to think that Thompson would be the saving grace to both of these situations. However, time travel is not available to us. This is why it is imperative that we continue to preserve all types of cultural heritage. We must continue to learn from our past to make our present the best that it can be.
Bibliography
“50 Mass. communities with most violent crime per person.” WCVB 5 ABC, wcvb.com/article/50-mass-communities-with-most-violent-crime-per-person/12485818. <br /><br />Chaucer, Geoffrey. "The Reeve's Tale." Translated by Larry D. Benson, 2008, sites.fas.harvard.edu/~chaucer/teachslf/rvt-par.htm. <br /><br />“Fitchburg, MA: Crime Rates.” Neighborhood Scout, neighborhoodscout.com/ma/fitchburg/crime. <br /><br />Jackson, Asher. Personal interview. 17 Nov. 2017.
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Allison St. Peter, Student, Fitchburg State University
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Aaron Canterbury, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Kimberly DiManno, Student, Fitchburg State University
Accessible Description of Image(s)
First image: A decayed gargoyle watches over a campus with three entrances and pillars on top.
Description by: Makayla Dones, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Oxford, UK - University Church of Saint Mary the Virgin; Fitchburg, MA - Thompson Hall, Fitchburg State University
british literature I fall 2017
chaucer
education
england
FAMExhibition
fitchburg
hammondexhibition
massachusetts
middle ages fall 2017
photography ii fall 2017
university
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b4772990af92c9e72f566d8388ef110c
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<p>Giovanni Boccaccio wrote Day 10, Story 10, also known as the story of Griselda, as the final tale in his <em>Decameron</em>. This story takes place in a town south of Turin, Italy, and revolves around the tale of an Italian Marquis of Saluzzo named Gualtieri, who is plagued with the responsibility to produce an heir to continue his bloodline as the leader of his people, a problem that he chooses to solve by marrying a peasant woman named Griselda. <br /><br /> Certaldo, Italy - Casa del Boccaccio; Giovanni Boccaccio [1313-1375] <br /><br /> Much like Gualtieri, Italian writer and poet, Giovanni Boccaccio managed to create his own legacy through his life and works which since then have become some of the greatest historical features of his hometown of Certaldo, Italy. Found on Via Boccaccio, within the heart of Certaldo, buildings such as Boccaccio’s very own home have been turned into museums to pay homage to one of Italy’s most prominent literary figures. Casa del Boccaccio was Boccaccio’s childhood home since the early 13<sup>th</sup> century. It was restored in 1823, although the original structure of the home was damaged on January 15, 1944, due to an airstrike during World War II. Since then, the house has been rebuilt and renovated to preserve the illustrious works of the poet, including furniture and various illustrated editions of the <em>Decameron</em> that survived the war. Other objects that can be found within the small museum include a collection of late 14<sup>th</sup> to early 15<sup>th</sup>-century women’s shoes, the fresco painting of Boccaccio by painter Benvenuti housed within “the poet’s room," and various geographical, historical, and cultural exhibitions dedicated to Boccaccio’s time. Lastly, housed within Boccaccio’s home is the tombstone plate of the poet, although the actual poet’s remains reside in another tomb located in the Chiese dei Santi Jacopo e Filippo, known as the Church of St. Jacopo and Filippo, also located in Certaldo. <br /><br /> Fitchburg, MA - Fitchburg Art Museum; Eleanor Norcross [1854-1923] <br /><br /> New England, though in many ways different from Certaldo, Italy, contains many museums that house a tremendous amount of history. One such museum is the Fitchburg Art Museum, located in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Like many other cultural heritage sites like Casa del Boccaccio, we can thank legacy for its existence. The Fitchburg Art Museum owes its creation to its founder, Ella Augusta, better known as Eleanor Norcross. Eleanor Norcross much like Boccaccio grew up in the town for which she is famous. From an early age her parents, who were also influential Fitchburg residents, supported her pursuits in the arts, painting, and art collecting. Her father, Amasa Norcross, survived both Eleanor’s mother and younger brother, resulting in a strong relationship with his only daughter. Due to his influence, Eleanor went on to study fine arts in Paris, France, through which she then became the avid painter we know today. This was not enough, however. Eleanor wanted to share her appreciation for the arts and the collections that inspired her with all her fellow Fitchburg residents. It was through this goal that the Fitchburg Art Museum was born, first as the Fitchburg Art Center (1929) and later on as the current museum. Much like Boccaccio, though Eleanor never lived to see the result of her dream realized, or the effects of her inspiration, her legacy lives on through those who have chosen to preserve her memory and work. As a result, through a translation of her vision, her collection has grown and will continue to do so, so long as cultural heritage continues to be of importance.</p>
Bibliography
Boccaccio, Giovanni. "Day 10, Story 10." <i>The Decameron. </i>Translated by Wayne A. Rebhorn. W.W. Norton and Company, 2016.<br /><br />“Casa del Boccaccioente Nazionale Giovanni Boccaccio.” <em>Giovanni Boccaccio National Organization,</em> www.casaboccaccio.it/casa-boccaccio.html#stanza. <br /><br />“Eleanor Norcross.” <em>Fitchburg Art Museum</em>, fitchburgartmuseum.org/eleanor-norcross.php. <br /><br />“Evoking Eleanor: The Art, Life, and Legacy of FAM Founder Eleanor Norcross.” <em>Fitchburg Art Museum</em>, fitchburgartmuseum.org/evoking-eleanor.php. <br /><br />Scharnagl, Donna. “Certaldo, A Tuscan Town That Gets Your Attention.” <em>Discover Tuscany, </em>discovertuscany.com/tuscany-destinations/certaldo-an-overview.html.
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Maria Pedroza-Acosta, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Katie LeProhon, Student, Fitchburg State University
Accessible Description of Image(s)
First image: In this picture is an Italian, cobble-stoned street that reaches to a background with vague hills and farmland. Aged houses with wooden shutters line both sides of the streets along with terraces and various bushes. The houses are colored similarly as they are all different shades of brown. In the street are scattered people along with a dog.
Description by: Tyler Ansin, Student, Fitchburg State University
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Robert D. Gosselin, Alum, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Certaldo, Italy - Casa del Boccaccio; Fitchburg, MA - Fitchburg Art Museum
alum
author
boccaccio
british literature I fall 2017
FAMExhibition
fitchburg
italy
massachusetts
middle ages fall 2017
museum
-
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6f3e8e3f46d431f14f2e4235c3f6f47a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
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Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
The Mappa Mundi is a 14th-century map that depicts the known world during the year 1300. Regions marked on the map include Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and certain expanses of Asia. The map was crafted in England and is preserved to this day in the English city of Hereford. One interesting aspect around this map is the theory scholars have developed that the cartographer never left England. Due to this the map is not seen as an accurate geographical representation of the land. Instead it is seen as a representation of the land based off of the cartographer's knowledge of religious texts and myths. Obviously, this meant the map was never actually used for navigation. <br /><br />This division between culture and geography is the primary theme that connects the map to the Andlo-Saxon text <em>Judith. </em>The idea of distant lands as dangerous is seen in these two pieces. The authors were well-versed in their cultural norms close to where they existed, but, instead of being able to travel outside to these “dangerous” areas, they based their geography on the locations as they were described in texts they read. The Mappa Mundi creator likely never left England once in his whole life. <em>Judith</em>'s antagonist Holofernes is an Assyrian. Judith's knowledge of Assyria and Babylon were a stylized depiction based on legends, rather than geographical and historical facts. <br /><br />Along with the theme stated above, another key similarity between Mappa Mundi and Judith is the obvious connection of having anonymous creators. <br /><br />My local connection to Judith and the Mappa Mundi is a map depicting the aerial view of Cape Cod. The map is held in the Nina Heald Webber Cape Cod Canal collection. Like the Mappa Mundi, it is undated, making an estimated origin date difficult to determine. <br /><br />The world outside of your home town or village was a scary and dangerous place and not too many people were brave enough to adventure out and comprehend everything else the world has to offer. They had to rely on information gathered from others to create objects that in return would help even more people develop knowledge.
Bibliography
Denholm-Young, N. “The Mappa Mundi of Richard of Haldingham at Hereford.” <em>Speculum</em>, vol. 32, no. 2, 1957, pp. 307–314. <br /><br />Terkla, Dan. “The Original Placement of the Hereford Mappa Mundi.” <em>Imago Mundi,</em> vol. 56, no. 2, 2004, pp. 131–151.<br /><br />“The Opening of the Cape Cod Canal.” <em>Bulletin of the American Geographical Society</em>, vol. 46, no. 11, 1914, pp. 832–834.
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Kevin Sim, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Nick Elliott, Student, Fitchburg State University
Accessible Description of Image(s)
First image: This picture depicts a medieval map. The picture zooms in and focuses on a specific portion of the map. The map is on brown, coffee-colored material. There are words on it in written language. A drawn road connects a small tower to the image of a large castle. There also appears to be some words on the map that reference place names.
Description by; Louise Symonds, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hereford, UK - Mappa Mundi; Boston, MA - Cape Cod Map, Nina Heald Webber Cape Cod Canal Collection (Historic New England)
artifact
babylon
british literature I fall 2017
england
judith
maps
massachusetts
middle ages fall 2017