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dea4110ba369e3d1a29920fab76ac7da
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Classical to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<p>When it comes to the Greek mythical figure Hercules, most people would say that they are very familiar with his courage, his muscular body, and his overall importance as an heroic figure. There is no doubt that Hercules fits perfectly with all of those qualities. However, his story goes deeper into the possibility of the beloved hero having a history of mental illness and violence. Hercules’ disturbing antics share very similar qualities to the local story dated back in the year 1892 of the Lizzie Borden axe murder case. Each was originally not known to cause any type of disturbances, thus presenting questions concerning their moments of insanity and what caused them to go insane. <br /><br /> In this image of pottery owned by the Fitchburg Art Museum, Hercules is in the midst of struggling to accomplish his second labor out of twelve: slaying the great Lernean Hydra. With the assistance of his nephew Iolaus, Hercules was eventually able to defeat the nine-headed beast, but what even brought him here in the first place? All fingers point right at Hera, the wife of Hercules’ father Zeus. Hera was constantly furious at her husband as he would frequently cheat on her with his several mistresses. To vent her frustrations, she would lash out and get revenge on them or on their children. One of the mistresses turned out to be the mortal woman Alcmene. Zeus was very attracted to her - so much so that he traveled down to earth, transformed himself into her husband, and seduced her. They eventually became the parents to a child named Hercules, who was half human, half god. After many failed attempts at trying to kill him as an infant, Hera sent down a madness on Hercules when he was older, making him kill his own wife and children. As punishment for the murders, he was assigned the twelve labors. <br /><br /> Several hundreds of years after Hercules’ time, the world was introduced to Lizzie Andrew Borden, who was born on July 19, 1860. Lizzie was the daughter of Sarah and Andrew Borden and grew up in Fall River, Massachusetts. After the death of her mother, Andrew remarried a woman named Abby, with whom Lizzie, as well as her sister Emma, did not want anything to do. On the morning of August 4, 1892, both Abby and Andrew Borden were found murdered from a “brutal hatchet attack” in their Fall River home. The case was a <em>cause célèbre</em> all across the United States, many speculating about Lizzie’s mental health, some thinking she lapsed into a moment of insanity when the murder occurred. <br /><br /> It’s very interesting how you can dig deep into a story and how many different connections you can discover. Although both Hercules and Lizzie Borden were overcome with insanity leading up to their murders, that insanity stemmed from different starting points. Hercules’ insanity was caused by Hera being a nuisance. As for Lizzie, her insanity was, according to some theories, fueled by jealousy and greed; the jealousy came from the feelings she had towards her stepmother, while the greed was always there because Lizzie was probably well aware that she and her sister would come into a sizable inheritance after their parents’ deaths. It seems as though, even with iconic figures such as Hercules, everyone has their own trigger and/or breaking point.</p>
Bibliography
<p>Carlisle, Marcia R. "What Made Lizzie Borden Kill?" <em>American Heritage</em>, vol. 43, no. 4, 1992, alistapart.com/article/writeliving. <br /><br /> “Lizzie Borden.” <em>Biography.com, A&E Networks Television</em>, 27 Apr. 2017, www.biography.com/people/lizzie-borden-9219858.</p>
<p>Mark, Joshua J. “The Life of Hercules in Myth & Legend.” <em>Ancient History Encyclopedia</em>, 23 July 2013, https://www.ancient.eu/article/733/.</p>
Photographer(s)
Provided by Fitchburg Art Museum
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Rachel Rudsit, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Samantha Flament, Student, Fitchburg State University
Other
Herakles Slaying the Hydra, 350-325 BC
Apulian
Red Figure
Museum Purchase, 2001.3
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Greece - Hercules Pottery; Fall River, MA - Lizzie Borden House
artifact
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
deities
disability
FAMExhibition
fitchburg art museum
greece
massachusetts
mythology
pottery
women
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502cf4628357376bd9c4b3465fcacb62
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Classical to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
As an ancient country, Rome was built by the twins named Romulus and Remus. Amulius is the brother of grandfather of the twins, who plans to kill them for the power. The result is that the twins are saved by a she-wolf. The she-wolf brings them up until a shepherd discovers them. Finally, the twins become the founders of Rome. It is the story of the picture The She-Wolf. <br /><br />In the sculpture named The Capitoline Wolf with Romulus and Remus, a similar image to The She-Wolf, two boys are fed by a she-wolf. In Japan, several legends are related to She-Wolf. For example, Japanese Prince called Yamatotakeru is guided by a wolf once when he loses his way during one of his campaigns. Similarly, The Turki, one branch of the Hun people, are killed out by neighboring kingdoms, with only one ten-year-old boy survivor. He is saved and brought up by a she-wolf and they have ten babies. Known by kingdoms, the boy is killed finally. While the she-wolf flees away with their ten children. Surprisingly, they prospered and took wolf as their totem. Another similar legend talks about a god wolf, who guides the victory of the war. Besides, in the history written in the ancient Asia the wolf is regarded as the symbol or the ancestor. For instance, the Mongolians are descendants of a god wolf and a white deer; the Uigur people take wolf as a symbol of bravery; wolf becomes the ancestor of the Ainu people. It is related to the photo I chosen before, which tells the story about how Rome was founded. The she-wolf saves and brings up Romulus and Remus who are twins and build up Rome later. Those above exemplify that the she-wolf is paramount in a great range of world culture as a symbol or a belief. <br /><br />Some scholars show the suspicion about the twins’ growth. Look at the words in <em>The Classical Weekly</em> [3]: “Sceptics who have their doubts concerning the truth of the story recorded in Livy" (1.4.6). Concerning the suckling of Romulus and Remus by a she-wolf will have their scepticism jarred by the following, printed in <em>The New York Herald Tribune</em>, April 5, 1927: Allahabad, India, April 4: "A seven-year old boy was rescued by an Allahabad police executive in the Maiwana district, several miles from human habitation, where he had been living with wolves. The child is completely wild, moves on his hands and knees and on his back are protuberances resembling a series of hardened corns.” This boy is finally brought to an asylum. That is to say, it is not easy to be a normal person under such a wild circumstances. Therefore, the scholars doubt that whether the twins can be normal ones after living in a wild environment for a long time. Other legends claim the city is named after a woman, Roma [4]. But the version of twins is the best popular one among several different legends. <br /><br />Menotomy Native American Hunter [5] is a statue located in Arlington, MA, created in 1911 by Sculptor Cyrus E. Dal. The She-wolf is used in a popular Roman myth where the wolf had protected and nurtured the abandoned brothers Romulus and Remus, being very protective and conscious of its surroundings. In a way this statue of the hunter shows equal signs of defensive survival. She-wolf contributes much to the building of Rome, which shows its great powerful symbol of its time. It is not a kind-hearted creature. It is a defensive animal contrarily. Otherwise, the hunter holds some arrows in his hand which shows a necessary protection and survival.
Bibliography
[1] The Capitoline Wolf with Romulus and Remus: Musei Capitolini, Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome
[2] She-Wolf mosaic: Garcia, Brittany. "Romulus and Remus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 18 Apr 2018. Web. 29 Apr 2018. https://www.ancient.eu/Romulus_and_Remus/
[3] Burriss, Eli Edward. “Romulus, Remus, and the She-Wolf.” The Classical Weekly, vol. 21, no. 13, 1928, pp. 104–104. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4389078.
[4] Mark, Joshua J. "Ancient Rome." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 02 Sep 2009. Web. 29 Apr 2018. https://www.ancient.eu/Rome/
[5] Menotomy Native American Hunter statue Arlington MA. http://freedomsway.org/redesign2/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/arlington-dallin-indian-hunter-1024x1015.jpg
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Mingmin Miao , Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Tenzin Dhakpa, Student, Fitchburg State University
Chris Lach, Student, Fitchburg State University
Zachary Romero, Student, Fitchburg State University
Victoria Weeks, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
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Title
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Rome, Italy - The She-Wolf Mural; Arlington, MA - Menotomy Native American Hunter
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
italy
massachusetts
mural
mythology
statue
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55dd8b933903a35ea1cfe7c2054e7cb2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Classical to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
The photograph of the Roman Bath in England shows steam coming off of the bath’s emerald green water. Doric style columns line the perimeter of the bath and Roman statues are placed above each column. The area directly above the bath is opened to the sky allowing natural light to pour in. Roman baths like the one in Bath, England are mentioned in the medieval poem titled "The Ruin." The poem describes a once “bright” city with “many bath houses” that have since fallen into decay ("The Ruin," line 19). The area where the remnants of the bathhouses were located has gone untouched even though “one kingdom after another” has had control over the area ("The Ruin," line 10). The poet goes on to imagine what the city would have been like in its peak. Men “glad-minded and gold-bright” once roamed the city’s streets where “there were baths, heated at its heart” ("The Ruin," lines 28, 35). The photograph of the Roman Bath looks exactly like the ruins of bathhouses described in the poem. By looking at the photograph it is easy to imagine the citizens in the poem enjoying its warm waters. The location of the Roman Bath has gone unchanged since it was built, like the ruins in the poem. The poem does not explicitly say where the bathhouses were, therefore the Roman Bath in Bath can be substituted as one of the bathhouses in the poem. <br /><br />The courtyard in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, Massachusetts not only resembles the Roman Bath, but the two also serve similar purposes. In 1896 Isabella and her husband Jack began to entertain the idea of building their own art museum. Modeled after the couple’s love for Italy, classical and medieval architecture, the museum is filled with “columns, windows, and doorways…as well as reliefs, balustrades, capitals, and statuary from the Roman, Byzantine, Gothic, and Renaissance periods” (“Building Isabella’s”). The courtyard itself is a combination of “an ancient Roman sculpture garden, a Renaissance Venetian canal-scape, a medieval European cloister, and a turn-of-the-century universal exposition hall” (“Courtyard”). In the center of the courtyard a large mosaic is surrounded on both sides by statues and plants. If the Roman Bath and the courtyard were compared side-by-side, the layout of the two would be almost identical. <br /><br />The courtyard is reserved for museum functions, but visitors can sit on benches placed just outside of it and socialize while looking at art. During its heyday the Roman Bath was also a place where people would come together to socialize, spend “their leisure time”, and view “art and cultural programs” (Ward 127). The artwork that Mrs. Gardner placed within the courtyard came from ancient cities much like the one described in "The Ruin." Statues of women surround the mosaic in the center of the courtyard, much like how the statues above the columns of the Roman Bath surround the bath itself. <br /><br />In his article titled "Women In Roman Baths," author Roy Bowen Ward examines women’s access to and participation in Roman baths throughout their history. He writes that the earliest Roman baths “may have been for men only,” but states that there is not much evidence to support that statement (Ward 127). Coincidentally, there is also no mention of women in "The Ruin." Only men appear to inhabit the city. It is interesting that Mrs. Gardner chose to have only statues of women present in the courtyard (“Courtyard”). If it is true that women were excluded from the baths at one point in time, Mrs. Gardner’s choice of all female statues can be interpreted as a tribute to those Roman women. <br /><br />Not only does the courtyard resemble the Roman Bath in appearance, the two share the same purpose of providing people with a place to relax, look at art, and enjoy each other’s company.
Bibliography
<p>“Building Isabella’s Museum.” <em>Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, </em>www.gardnermuseum.org/about/building-isabellas-museum#chapter5. Accessed 4 May 2018.<br /><br /> “Courtyard.” <em>Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, </em>www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/rooms/courtyard. Accessed 4 May 2018.<br /> <br /> “The Ruin.” <em>Anglo-Saxon Narrative Poetry Project, </em>anglosaxonpoetry.camden.rutgers.edu/the-ruin/. Accessed 4 May 2018.<br /><br /> Ward, Roy Bowen. “Women in Roman Baths.” <em>The Harvard Theological Review</em>, vol. 85, no. 2, 1992, pp. 125-47. <em>JSTOR</em>, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1509900. Accessed 29 Apr. 2018.</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Haley Quinn, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Joshua Folmer-LaFleur, Student, Fitchburg State University
Michaela Vick, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Bath, UK – The Roman Baths; Boston, MA – Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
bath
boston
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
england
entertainment
massachusetts
women
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517a32aa6eb0fa2355a1f47b4e255e0e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Classical to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
The amphitheatre at Caerleon in Wales is one of the best preserved amphitheatres in the United Kingdom. It was built around 75CE and was occupied until around 300CE by the Second Legion Augusta. There were around 6000 Roman men in Wales at the time of its occupation, and all of those men needed something to do in their free time. The amphitheatre was made as a place of entertainment for the Roman soldiers, a place they could go when they weren’t fighting or on guard at the Roman fortress nearby. The whole compound fell into disuse after the Romans left, with the Welsh later taking some of its building materials for reuse. The large oval amphitheatre soon became overgrown and ended up looking like an almost perfectly round dip in the ground, until it was fully excavated in 1926 by the Liverpool Committee for Excavation and Research in Wales and the Marches. Until then, people were calling it King Arthur’s Round Table, but it was found to be the Roman amphitheatre. It was shortly after the excavation that they saw that it was mostly used for entertainment purposes. <br /><br />Most of the entertainment that went on in the amphitheatre at Caerleon were gladiatorial battles, but there was also a wide variety of Greek and Roman plays produced there. Soldiers could go and watch Greek tragedies and comedies performed by amateurs and professionals alike, booing when they wanted to and laughing or crying at other times. They could watch plays by Sophocles and Aristophanes, Euripides, and Aeschylus. It wasn’t just the soldier who could go, though; Welsh natives could find their way into the amphitheatre to watch the “best” of Roman entertainment along with the occupying armies. It was one of the few places that Romans and natives mingled, along with marketplaces. If the people wanted to watch, then the amphitheatre provided. The world of Roman sports and entertainment happened mostly in amphitheatres all over the empire, and it was where the people flocked. <br /><br />A similar heritage site in New England is Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts. The stadium was originally built in 1912 to be home to the Red Socks baseball team. It was and still is a place where people go to watch sporting events and concerts, though it is mostly used as a baseball field. The connection between Fenway Park in Boston and the Roman amphitheatre in Caerleon is that they were both constructed with entertainment in mind. Both structures were built to be the place where people went to watch fun shows and to relax a little. Going to a baseball game is a fun way to pass the time with the family and so was going to see a Roman play or two or more gladiators fight. While Fenway Park doesn’t put on plays like the amphitheatre in Caerleon did, and while the park wasn’t built to entertain a foreign army, they both hold a place in the hearts of those around them. Fenway Park is synonymous with fun, good times, and baseball. The amphitheatre was just the same for the Romans and Welsh natives. Well, except for the baseball.
Bibliography
<p>MLB Advanced Media. "Fenway Park." MLB.com. MLB, 10 Feb. 2001. Web. 01 May 2018.<a href="http://mlb.mlb.com/bos/fenway-park-living-museum/timeline/">http://mlb.mlb.com/bos/fenway-park-living-museum/timeline/</a><br /><br /></p>
<p>Mynde. "History." Excavations of Caerleon Amphitheatre. Caerleon Net. Web. 01 May 2018. <a href="http://www.caerleon.net/history/amphexcav/index.html">http://www.caerleon.net/history/amphexcav/index.html</a></p>
<p>Mynde. "History." The Roman Army in Caerleon, Isca, Wales. Caerleon Net. Web. 01 May 2018. <a href="http://www.caerleon.net/history/army/index.html">http://www.caerleon.net/history/army/index.html</a><br /><br /></p>
<p>University Press. "Ancient Greek Theatre." Ancient Greece. Ancient Greece, 2003. Web. 01 May 2018. <a href="http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/Theatre/">http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/Theatre/</a></p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Heather Ferguson, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Chris Gerardi, Student, Fitchburg State University
Alex O’Neil, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Caerleon, UK - Roman Amphitheatre; Boston, MA - Fenway Park
boston
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
entertainment
massachusetts
wales
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8c1e7deda1ccf9236cba9f941bdea248
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Classical to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
War is an unfortunate reality of life. Many civilizations prepare for war and have many factions and groups dedicated to protecting the nation form invaders. Those who fall in war often receive monuments, dedicated by those they gave their lives to protect. War has a dire impact on society, and many lives are impacted by its arrival. Much can be learned of cultures through their memorials and monuments, such as their value of warriors, and how sacrifice and loss are processed by the population. Monuments to the fallen have been erected around the world since the times of the Ancient Greeks. One such monument that was placed to honor those fallen soldiers was the Statue of Minerva in Rome, Italy. <br /><br />The Statue of Minerva, located in the Gallery Il Vittoriano in Rome, Italy, is a tall statue of the Roman goddess Minerva. Dedicated as a monument to fallen soldiers, the statue serves as a reminder of those who have given their lives to defend others. Minerva is the Roman goddess of battle, the arts, and craft. Minerva is also heralded as a protector of soldiers on the battlefield. Those who had family on the battlefield would often pray to Minerva, asking to keep their loved ones safe, and to ensure their victory. This aspect of Minerva is detailed further in the <em>Iliad</em>, written by the epic poet Homer. In Book 6 of the <em>Iliad, </em>Hector, the Prince of Troy, falls back from the battle to ask his mother to pray to the goddess Minerva to protect the Trojan troops: “’Holy Minerva,’ she cried, ‘Protectress of our city, mighty goddess, break the spear of Diomed and lay him low before the Scaean gates.’” (Homer, Book 6). The Trojan women call upon Minerva to stop the Grecian warrior Diomed and to protect the Trojan troops and city. The idea of calling upon one to protect the homeland from an invading force is not limited to the ancient Romans. Civilizations spanning the globe and across time have built monuments memorializing the soldiers who have given their lives in battle. <br /><br />The Memorial to the Lexington Minuteman located on Lexington Battle Green in Lexington, MA, United States, also is dedicated to fallen soldiers. The Minutemen were civilians tasked with defending the newborn America from the British. These citizens were not officially trained and instead were citizens whom coalesced together to form a militia for the colonies. Much like the Statue of Minerva at Il Vittoriano, the Minuteman Monument at Lexington is dedicated to those colonists that sacrificed their lives in order to defend their home and families. And like Minerva, the Minutemen and other militia members were seen as the protectors of an infant America and were praised and honored after death. The fact that these two statues, separated by thousands of miles and hundreds of years, were created to serve the same purpose proves that soldiers will never be forgotten. Those who fall protecting their homeland from invaders have been memorialized since ancient times and will continue to be remembered.
Bibliography
<p>Chu, David S.C., et al. “Decision Making for Defense.” <em>New Challenges, New Tools for Defense Decisionmaking</em>, 1st ed., RAND Corporation, 2003, pp. 13–32. <em>JSTOR</em>, www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/mr1576rc.10.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Pettyjohn, Stacie L. “Continental Defense, 1783–1815.” <em>U.S. Global Defense Posture, 1783–2011</em>, RAND Corporation, 2012, pp. 15–18. <em>JSTOR</em>, www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt24hrv8.11.</p>
<p><br /> Van Evera, Stephen. “Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War.” <em>International Security</em>, vol. 22, no. 4, 1998, pp. 5–43. <em>JSTOR</em>, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2539239.</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Nick Elliott, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Tatiana Maldonado, Student, Fitchburg State University
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Title
A name given to the resource
Rome, Italy - Gallery Il Vittoriano Statue of Minerva; Lexington, MA - Minuteman Monument
american revolution
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
deities
italy
massachusetts
statue
war
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Connecting the Classical to New England
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The statue of Queen Anne at St. Paul's Cathedral in London was built in commemoration for the completion of St. Paul's Cathedral in 1712. St. Paul’s Cathedral had been affected by the Great Fire of London in 1666, and it was during Queen Anne's reign that the cathedral was rebuilt. The project was completed in 1710, and the statue of Queen Anne was erected in 1712. The statue that stands today is not the original, but a replica that replaced the original in 1885. The statue depicts Queen Anne at the top and four women at the base. Each of the four women represents one of the territories Queen Anne ruled over during her reign, which were England, France, North America, and Ireland. The woman that represents Britain wears the armor of Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare, showing the acceptance of Rome’s occupancy of Britain in the past. She also holds a trident which demonstrates that anything, including the sea, could not contain Britain's power at the time. They had a powerful, developing navy which allowed for an even greater ability in warfare than they already had. <br /><br />The Fisherman’s Memorial at the Gloucester Harbor in Gloucester, Massachusetts commemorates fishermen who have been lost at sea through the years. The statue at the memorial is also called “Man at the Wheel” as it depicts a fisherman holding the helm of a ship. The memorial is not only a tribute to the dead but also a reminder of how dangerous the occupation is. Contained within this memorial is a time capsule that contains forty-seven items that capture the culture and history of Gloucester in 1923 when the statue was commissioned. The inclusion of the time capsule emphasizes the importance of legacy to the individuals who commissioned the project. The statue also became a symbol of Gloucester’s Gorton Fisheries in 1904, demonstrating the pride citizens of Gloucester express for the courage of the fishermen. There are even well-known names on the register of the memorial like the crew of the “Andrea Gail,” which is the ship that is the epicenter of the novel <em>The Perfect Storm. </em><br /><br />Like the statue of Queen Anne, the Fishermen’s Memorial illustrates the location’s connection to the sea and the importance it had to the society that the statue belongs to. Queen Anne reigned during a time of significant developments in the English navy which was influenced by Britain's increased concern with its political climate. The English navy would later become the Royal Navy and played a major role in many of the wars that Britain would participate in through the years. The Fishermen's Memorial is an acknowledgment of the dedication and sacrifice of not only the fishermen but their families, as well. A memorial for fishermen's wives has been added to the area of the Fishermen's memorial, and the name register has opened up to include women and children and fatalities not only occurring at sea, but those that have occurred in harbors, rivers, and lakes alike.
Bibliography
<p>Carlsen, Carl. “The Fishermen’s Memorial and the Fishermen’s Wives Memorial (Gloucester<br /> Harbor): Location, History, and Legends.” <em>Poetry of Places in Essex County</em>, North Shore Community College, myweb.northshore.edu/users/ccarlsen/poetry/gloucester/memorialshistory.htm Accessed 2 May 2018.<br /><br /> Meeke, Kieran. “The Statue of Queen Anne at St. Paul’s.” <em>Secret London</em>, 26 March 2010, <br /> secret-cities.com/2010/03/26/the-statue-of-queen-anne-at-st-pauls/<br /><br /> Winterhaze13. “The English Navy 1649-1815.” <em>All Empires</em>, July 2006,<br /> www.allempires.com/article/index.php?q=english_navy_1649-1815</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Ashley Grant, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Mel Ellis, Student, Fitchburg State University
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Title
A name given to the resource
London, UK – Statue of Queen Anne; Gloucester, MA – The Fishermen’s Memorial
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
deities
london
massachusetts
mythology
statue
women
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Connecting the Classical to New England
Still Image
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Within Herman Melville’s <em>Moby Dick</em>, Ishmael’s telling of Ahab’s revenge-seeking quest against Moby Dick proves that the ship captain was fighting for something that was taken from him and how important it was. He believed that he had to brave out the stormy seas to receive some sort of personal justice. This story, along with the photos of the Trafalgar Square Mermaid Fountain in London, England and Clinton, Massachusetts’ Foster Fountain, have a deeper cultural significance than we may think. <br /><br />Dr. Tracy’s photo pictures the graceful elegance of a mermaid swimming with a few dolphins. There is, however, more to this fountain than what one would see at first glance. This fountain was put in place as a memorial for Admiral David Beatty, who was a Royal Navy officer. He was said to have been a powerful leader and knew how to organize winning battles. Both Captain Ahab and David Beatty were strong-willed and knew how they wanted to approach these dangerous situations. <br /><br />The Foster Fountain in Clinton, MA is one of two war monuments put in place (Boyce 21). This fountain is there to represent the Clinton residents that served in the Spanish-American War. The connection between this monument and the Trafalgar Mermaid Fountain is the meaning behind the two. Both are where they are to memorialize brave soldiers who fought for what they believed in. Captain Ahab did something similar in<em> Moby Dick</em>, going after the whale that stole his leg from him. None of these people stopped until they were either victorious or died trying. As it was said in <em>Moby Dick</em>, “I try all things; I achieve what I can,” and that seems to be what these soldiers lived by (Melville). <br /><br />Knowing that they could only fight their best fight, Beatty and the Spanish-American war veterans were able to give all that they had. Ahab only did the same even if at some points he questioned himself. Even then he knew deep down that he had to fight for his revenge, no matter the cost. It’s important to remember those who had fought for what they believed in because without them we wouldn’t be as inspired to fight for what we believe in. <br /><br />A smaller, but still significant commonality between these heritage sites share is that they are both fountains. This water that surrounds them not only connects to the Navy, which Beatty was apart of, but it also connects them to Melville’s <em>Moby Dick</em> and Captain Ahab. <br /><br />Communities are brought together by such monuments and they “represent that community’s chosen method of remembrance” (WarMemorials). This type of heritage, whether it be across countries or throughout literature, play a large role in how we remember the important happenings in history. Even though these monuments have little in common stylewise, they have a deeper commonality once we dig deeper. It’s always important to learn about cultural heritage because there may be a lot that we’re missing when we’re simply looking rather than really seeing them for what they are. Without these sites, we’d have nothing to help us remember.
Bibliography
<p style="text-align:center;">Works Cited</p>
Boyce, Philip R. “One Hundred Sixty Fourth Annual Report.” <em>ClintonMA.Gov</em>, www.clintonma.gov/FY2013%20Annual%20Town%20Report.pdf.<br /><br /> “Importance of War Memorials.” <em>War Memorials</em>, 2017,<br /> www.warmemorials.org/uploads/publications/64.pdf.<br /><br /> Melville, Herman. <em>Moby Dick</em>. London, 1851.
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Molly Potter, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Brooke Pelletier, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dennis Pikul, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
London, UK - Trafalgar Square Mermaid Fountain; Clinton, MA - Foster Fountain
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
clinton
fountain
london
massachusetts
mermaid
statue
war
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Title
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Connecting the Classical to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<p>This Buckingham Palace Merman is located at the end of The Mall in London, which was designed and built by the sculptor Thomas Bock. This is also called the Victoria Memorial that is a monument to Queen Victoria. The whole sculptural programme has a nautical theme, much like the rest of The Mall (Admiralty arch). This can be seen in the mermaids and mermen, both of which are suggestive of the United Kingdom’s naval power. <br /><br /> King Edward VII suggested that a joint Parliamentary committee should be formed to develop plans for a memorial to Queen Victoria following her death. The first meeting took place on 19 February 1901 at the Foreign Office, Whitehall. The first secretary of the committee was Arthur Biggie, 1st Baron Stamfordham. Initially theses meetings were behind closed doors, and the proceedings were not revealed to the public. However, the Lord Mayor of London, Sir Joseph Dimsdale, publicly announced that the committee had decided that the Memorial should be “monumental.” Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher, the secretary of the committee, submitted the proposal to the king on 4 March 1901. A number of sites were suggested, and the King visited both Westminster Abbey and the park near the Palace of Westminster. Several ideas were rumoured at the times, including an open square in The Mall near to the Duke of York Column and a memorial located in Green Park. On 26 March the decision was announced to locate the memorial outside Buckingham Palace and slightly shorten The Mall. <br /><br /> The Merman represents the United Kingdom's Naval power. During Queen Victoria’s reign their navy was the most powerful in the world. Poseidon in Greek religion is the god of the sea, water in general. The name Poseidon means either “husband of the earth” or “lord of the earth.” His weapon and main symbol was the trident, perhaps once a fish spear. According to the Greek poet Hesiod, the Poseidon trident, like Zeus’s thunderbolt and Hades helmet, was fashioned by the three Cyclopes. In the <em>Odyssey</em>, Poseidon dislikes Odysseus, and he uses his power to misdirect his ship. <br /><br /> This is why a local historical site that can be connected to the Buckingham Palace Merman is Woodward’s Mill Pond, Dunstable, MA. This pond was named after one of the original families in Dunstable, England. Thomas and John Woodward fought in the French and Indian War. Benjamin and Jonathan Woodward fought in the Revolutionary War under Captain Oliver Cummings who led the Dunstable. <br /><br /> This shows a connection to Poseidon when he leads Odysseus astray because he used the ocean to combat Odysseus' ship. For the navy they used their power to attack enemy ships them. These landmarks attract people to visit and enjoy the sites.</p>
Bibliography
<p>Dunstable, MA Town of. <em>Town of Dunstable, MA - Woodward’s Mill Pond</em>, www.dunstable-ma.gov/Pages/DunstableMA_WebDocs/localdocs/mill.</p>
<p>“Victoria Memorial, London.” <em>Wikipedia</em>, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 May 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Memorial,_London.</p>
<p>Elaine. “Of Mermaids and Mermen.” <em>The Early Modern World</em>, 1 Jan. 1970, earlymodernwomen.blogspot.com/2011/11/of-mermaids-and-mermen.html.</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Marie Vante, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Carolina Amaya, Student, Fitchburg State University
Gabriana Dickerson, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
London, UK - Buckingham Palace Merman; Dunstable, MA - Woodward’s Mill Pond
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
deities
england
london
massachusetts
mermaid
war
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Connecting the Classical to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
The current Globe Theater located in London, England was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1996. The opening show in this newly-opened theater was a performance of <em>Henry V</em>. In this image of Shakespeare’s Globe Theater, the focus is on the masks of comedy and tragedy. These masks of drama date back to Greek mythology. The mask on the left is Thalia, who is the muse of comedy. On the right of the photo is Melpomene, representing tragedy. Since Ancient Greece, every play script has included aspects of tragedy, comedy, or both, especially the great plays of William Shakespeare performed at the Globe Theater depicted here. One of Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies, <em>Hamlet</em>, is often performed at the Globe. In his tragedy, Shakespeare presents us with our tragic hero Hamlet, who is trying to avenge his father’s death. He sees the ghost of his father, who tells him his brother and Hamlet’s uncle killed him to marry the Queen Gertrude and take over the crown. In an effort to frame his uncle and trap him in his lie, Hamlet sets up a performance that seems to have a plot similar to the lies that Hamlet is accusing Claudius of hiding. Hamlet watches closely to see how Claudius reacts to the performance, hoping he will show guilt all over his face and reveal himself as King Hamlet’s murderer. This play within a play, “The Murder of Gonzago," is relevant to the evolution of plays themselves. <br /><br />In Lenox, Massachusetts is located the Shakespeare Company Theater. Founded in 1978, The Shakespeare Company in Lenox is dedicated to both Shakespeare’s works as well as medieval theater. During this opening year of 1978, the company performed only two different plays, <em>A Midsummer Night’s Dream</em> and <em>Three Voices of Edith Wharton</em>. During last year’s performance season, the Company staged ten different plays, including <em>The Merchant of Venice, Or, The Two Gentleman of Verona, The Taming, Ugly Lies the Bone, Cry “Havoc”, Sotto Voce, Twelfth Night, The Emperor of the Moon, </em>and <em>It’s a Wonderful Life</em>. At Shakespeare and Company, “[they] embrace the classical ideals and visceral experience of Shakespeare’s work: collaboration, commitment to language, physical prowess and the embodied voice."<br /><br />Now, for the greater question, what do <em>Hamlet</em>, the Globe Theater, and the Shakespeare Company Theater of Lenox, Massachusetts have in common? They all advocate for the culture and importance of theater. The Globe Theater focuses on the impact Shakespeare had on the world of theater and performance and strives to help in the education of Shakespeare. In his play <em>Hamlet</em>, Shakespeare incorporates a “play within a play” as a way to, as Jillian Woods wrote in her article “Hamlet: The Play within the Play”, “produce a real impact on those who view [it]” (Woods). The Shakespeare Company keeps Shakespeare’s work alive by its dedication to his plays and medieval theater in general.
Bibliography
<p>“About Us / Shakespeare's Globe.” <em>Shakespeare's Globe</em>, <a href="http://www.shakespearesglobe.com/about-us">www.shakespearesglobe.com/about-us</a>. Accessed 4 May 2018.<br /><br /> Mackay, Charles. <em>A Glossary of Obscure Words and Phrases in the Writings of Shakspeare and<br /> His Contemporaries</em>. Sampson, Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1887.<br /><br /> “Performance History.” <em>Shakespeare & Company</em>, www.shakespeare.org/about/performance-history. Accessed 4 May 2018.<br /><br /> Wood, Jillian. “Hamlet: the Play within the Play.” <em>The British Library,</em> 6 Nov. 2015, <a href="http://www.bl.uk/shakespeare/articles/hamlet-the-play-within-the-play">www.bl.uk/shakespeare/articles/hamlet-the-play-within-the-play</a>.</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Brianna Ohman, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Anthony de Freitas, Student, Fitchburg State University
Oliver Dogbe, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
London, UK - Shakespeare's Globe Theater; Lenox, MA - Shakespeare Company Theater
author
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
drama
england
entertainment
london
massachusetts
shakespeare
theater
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Connecting the Classical to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<p>Saint Mark’s Horses in Venice have a long, well-traveled history, especially for horses that are not actually living creatures. Cast of copper and various other elements, they are an outstanding example of human ingenuity (Alunno-Rossetti and Marabelli 161). The cause of their creation is unknown; however, their design is exemplary and their path throughout Europe is well-known. Their original location atop the Hippodrome in Istanbul could mean they were a tribute to their venue at the track, located in a long dismantled empire. Then they arrived in Italy at St. Mark’s Basilica, moving to the top of Arc de Triomphe in France with Napoleon Bonaparte, and finally back to St. Mark’s (Dowson). They will most likely never return to Istanbul, where they originated, as they are too fragile and they have already undergone major tests their structural integrity in Italy. The preservation of these horses has become as important as their heritage. The horses have been damaged by air pollution, salt, and sun. They have also been damaged during their many travels (Alunno-Rossetti and Marabelli 162). <br /><br /> Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts, is an important part of cultural heritage in New England. Thoreau, the mid-nineteenth century author and a founder of American conservation, lived a quiet life on Walden Pond, and he documented it in his book <em>Walden</em>. He also wrote about his many travels in Maine, a trip to Canada, and of course about civil disobedience. He found great happiness in the simplest things and in the many journeys of life. He probably would have made a quest for the conservation of St Mark’s Horses because they have a high cultural and artistic value. He may not have been into fancy attire or factory lines; what he valued were classical traditions and classic literature, and these horses were created in classical times. Thoreau would have valued the preservation of St. Mark’s Horses as he was for maintaining the arts, and he would have been devastated by the environmental causes of their disintegration (Walden Woods Project). <br /><br /> If Thoreau were to discuss St. Mark’s Horses, it would be through journeys of conquest and classical tradition in Homeric literature. Thoreau celebrated Odysseus and his many conquests and voyages, for Thoreau felt it was important for man to journey to find the best in life. The peace you discover in the world as an explorer was more powerful than any belonging you could have. Odysseus himself is similar to St. Mark’s Horses and their various travels. Perhaps Thoreau would have celebrated the journeys of St. Mark’s Horses as well, a symbol moved from place to place thriving and setting example as to just how amazing man is. Just as Thoreau’s voyages and journeys took him through Massachusetts, Maine, and even into Canada, Odysseus journeyed to find his greatest gifts and to evade a restless sedentary life. Thoreau’s epic journey, Odysseus’s epic journey, and St. Mark’s Horses are all connected with a story of travel and a wish for one last journey home.</p>
Bibliography
<p>Alunno-Rossetti, V., and M. Marabelli. “Analyses of the Patinas of a Gilded Horse of St Mark's Basilica in Venice: Corrosion Mechanisms and Conservation Problems.” <em>Studies in Conservation</em>, vol. 21, no. 4, 1976, pp. 161–170. <em>JSTOR</em>, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1505640</p>
<p>Dowson, Thomas. “The Horses of St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice.” <em>Archaeology Travel</em>. 2 May 2018, https://archaeology-travel.com/friday-find/the-horses-of-st-marks-basilica-in-venice/. Accessed 2 May 2018.</p>
<p>“Henry David Thoreau.” <em>The Walden Woods Project</em>, https://www.walden.org/thoreau/. Accessed 4 May 2018.</p>
<p>Thoreau, Henry David. <em>Walden, and On the Duty of Civil Disobedience</em>. 1995. <em>Project Gutenberg</em>, www.gutenberg.org/files/205/205-h/205-h.htm.</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Robert D. Gosselin, Alum, Fitchburg State University
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Bob Williams, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Alex Voyiatzis, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Venice, Italy - St. Mark’s Horses; Concord, MA - Thoreau's Walden Pond
alum
animal
author
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
environment
FAMExhibition
italy
massachusetts
statue
thoreau