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Connecting the Medieval to New England
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Catalog Entry
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Throughout the Sahel region of Africa, women have long been the storytellers and weavers-of-history-into-tales told repeatedly over the centuries. The heroines in these tales are resourceful, and intelligent, who may play both the narrator and performer (El-Nour). These stories often brought both memorable events as well as everyday occurrences, social dictates, and cultural mores into the future so people would remember what had occurred in the past. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Harriet Wilson, born in Milford, New Hampshire in 1825 to an Afro-American father and white mother, was just such a person: a storyteller who through her autobiography, became the first published Afro-American author. She narrated her own history in her book </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Our Nig </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">or </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Sketches of a Free Black</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> published in 1859 with the hope of earning enough money to keep her and her son, George, alive. After it was published, thought originally to be the work of a white author, it became a controversial story told with an emotional and narrative power that was deemed “unsettling” to many who read it. It wasn’t just read in the United States, but had an international following as well (<em>The Harriet Wilson Project</em>).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">What the book reveals is Wilson’s tenacity and drive to survive in spite of the odds. Between the ages of five and six, Harriet was abandoned by her mother and began serving as an indentured servant. She was able to attend school three months each year between 1832 and 1834 in Milford, NH. By the time she reached eighteen, she had taken on several other jobs serving local families, but her health began to fail between 1846 and 1850, when she was listed as a town pauper. In 1851 Harriet married Thomas Wilson in Milford, and by 1852 their son, George, was born at the Hillsborough County Poor Farm, where they were living. Just prior to this, Harriet had a small success when she published her poem, </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Fading Away</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, in the local Farmer’s Cabinet newspaper (<em>The Harriet Wilson Project</em>).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Harriet’s husband, Thomas, is said to have died in May of 1853. In 1855, she returned to live at the poor farm while George was sent to live as a foster child with a local family and eventually returned to the poor farm where he died at the age of seven in 1860. Harriet’s health was a continual issue which often left her on the edge of poverty even though she earned a small amount as a seamstress, servant, and seller of hair products throughout New England. Her hair product business began to make money and between 1857 and 1960, it is reported that she became self-sufficient. It was during this period that </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Our Nig</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> was published. Her later years were spent in and around Boston where she was a lecturer and spiritualist. It is thought that she died in 1900 (<em>The Harriet Wilson Project</em>).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Seventy-four years after Wilson’s book was published, Henry Louis Gates discovered Wilson’s Afro-American heritage, republished the work, pulling it out of obscurity and putting it back on the shelves of contemporary readers (<em>The Black Past</em>). A statue of Wilson now stands in a park in Milford, NH. </span></p>
Bibliography
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">El-Nour, Eiman Abbas H. "</span><span style="font-weight:400;">Not just a pretty face: Women as storytellers and subjects in the folktales of Northern Sudan." </span><i>Tydskrif Vir Letterkunde</i><span style="font-weight:400;"> </span><span style="font-weight:400;">48.2 (2011): 171-185. <br /><br /><em>The Black Past</em>, 2020. https://www.blackpast.org/.<br /><br /><em>The Harriet Wilson Project</em>. http://www.harrietwilsonproject.net/. </span></p>
<p></p>
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Gail Hoar, Adult Learning in the Fitchburg Area
Photographer(s)
From the Harriet Wilson Project
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Title
A name given to the resource
African Storytellers (Milford, NH - Harriet Wilson)
africa
african american
ALFA
author
new hampshire
statue
women
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<p>“Enjoy ye with us, and I thank you, for we be all ready for to die for the faith of Jesu Christ. We have suffered our fellow knights to be slain, and I have suffered your fellows to suffer death for Jesu Christ, and I have kept the commandment of God which said to Peter: ‘Put thy sword into the sheath.’ But now, because that we be enclosed with the bodies of the knights our fellows, and have our clothes red of their blood, let us then follow them by martyrdom. And if it please you, let us send this answer unto Cæsar: We be thy knights, sir emperor, and have taken arms to the defence of the common weal; in us is no treason ne dread, but in no wise we will forsake the law ne faith of Jesu Christ.” – “The Life of Saint Maurice” (c. 1275)</p>
<p>“Harmless, beautiful, proper, and praiseworthy as this demonstration is, I cannot forget that no such demonstration would have been tolerated here twenty years ago. The spirit of slavery and barbarism, which still lingers to blight and destroy in some dark and distant parts of our country, would have made our assembling here the signal and excuse for opening upon us all the flood-gates of wrath and violence. That we are here in peace to-day is a compliment and a credit to American civilization, and a prophecy of still greater national enlightenment and progress in the future. I refer to the past not in malice, for this is no day for malice; but simply to place more distinctly in front the gratifying and glorious change which has come both to our white fellow-citizens and ourselves, and to congratulate all upon the contrast between now and then; the new dispensation of freedom with its thousand blessings to both races, and the old dispensation of slavery with its ten thousand evils to both races—white and black. In view, then, of the past, the present, and the future, with the long and dark history of our bondage behind us, and with liberty, progress, and enlightenment before us, I again congratulate you upon this auspicious day and hour.” – Frederick Douglass, Oration at the Unveiling of the Freedmen’s Monument (April 14, 1876) </p>
<p>"[The Freedmen’s Monument] showed the Negro on his knees when a more manly attitude would have been indicative of freedom." – Frederick Douglass, Comments at the Unveiling of the Freedmen’s Monument (April 14, 1876)</p>
Bibliography
<p>Jacobus de Voragine. “The Life of St. Maurice.” <em>The Golden Legend</em>. Ed. F.S. Ellis. Christian Iconography. 2000. https://www.christianiconography.info/goldenLegend/maurice.htm.</p>
<p>Levin, Kevin M. “The Boston Statue that Reinforces the Need for Black History Month.” <em>History News Network. </em>Columbian College of Arts & Sciences. 25 Feb. 2018. https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/168303.</p>
<p>“Oration by Frederick Douglass Delivered on the Occasion of the Unveiling of the Freedmen’s Monument, April 14, 1876.” <em>Smithsonian</em>. Digital Volunteers: Transcription Center. https://transcription.si.edu/project/12955.</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Dublin Core
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Magdeburg, Germany – Saint Maurice Statue (Magdeburg Cathedral); Lynn, MA – Frederick Douglass Monument (Lynn Common)
african american
african festival
hammondexhibition
lynn
massachusetts
statue
-
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Dublin Core
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Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<p>The Black Madonna tradition originated in the Middle Ages around the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries, concentrated in France but also in other areas; there are approximately four to five hundred of them in Europe. The prominence of the tradition is attributed to the stories of miracles surrounding these paintings and statues. In a study of approximately one hundred examples, Leonard Moss divided them into three categories with the majority falling into the first: “dark brown or black madonnas with physiognomy and skin pigmentation matching that of the indigenous population” (Duricy).</p>
<p>The Black Madonna in Chartres Cathedral in France is a 1508 wooden replica of a thirteenth-century silver version. The Black Madonna in Magdeburg Cathedral in Germany dates to around the thirteenth century.</p>
<p>The Black Madonna in Saint John the Guardian of Our Lady Parish in Clinton, MA originally belonged to Our Lady of Jasna Gora. Jasna Gora was constructed in 1913, held its last mass in 2010, and was demolished in 2012. The Black Madonna, Our Lady of Jasna Gora, was painted in Poland in the Byzantine style and brought to the church in 1938. The painting is modeled after the Black Madonna of Czestochowa, Poland, which was said to have originally been painted by St. Luke then brought to Poland via Constantinople in 1384. More likely, it was a sixth to ninth-century piece. The original was destroyed beyond repair by robbers in 1430. It is credited with a number of miracles, including several Polish military victories, making the painting a national monument.</p>
<p>Although the Black Madonna is a widespread and popular tradition, there is a distinct issue with many of these pieces of art: namely, that they are being “restored” and turned distinctly white. Indeed, the Chartres Black Madonna no longer looks like the image in this photo. It looks more like the image here of the Magdeburg Black Madonna, which was “cleaned” in the nineteenth century. Pilgrims travel long distances to visit these statues, only to find them altered beyond recognition. </p>
Bibliography
<p>“The Black Madonna of Czestochowa: Poland’s Most Revered Icon.” <em>Polish American Journal</em>. http://www.polamjournal.com/Library/APHistory/blackmadonna/blackmadonna.html.</p>
<p>Duricy, Michael. “Black Madonnas: Origin, History, Controversy.” All About Mary. <em>University of Dayton. </em>https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/b/black-madonnas-origin-history-controversy.php.</p>
<p>Ramm, Benjamin. “A Controversial Restoration That Wipes Away the Past.” <em>The New York Times</em>, 1 Sept. 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/01/arts/design/chartres-cathedral-restoration-controversial.html.</p>
<p>Travers, Terry A. “History of Parish Retold.” <em>Worcester Daily Telegraph</em>, 1 Feb. 1969. http://tqretro.blogspot.com/2016/07/our-lady-of-jasna-gora-story-211969.html.</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Courtesy of Saint John the Guardian of Our Lady Parish
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Dublin Core
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Title
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Chartres, France – Black Madonna (Chartres Cathedral); Clinton, MA – Black Madonna (Saint John the Guardian of Our Lady Parish); Magdeburg, Germany – Black Madonna (Magdeburg Cathedral)
african festival
clinton
hammondexhibition
massachusetts
statue
women
-
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Dublin Core
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Title
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Connecting the Medieval to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<p>Boudicca, queen of the Iceni, lifts her hands in victory or in challenge. This ancient queen led her people against Rome, even managing to sack and burn Londinium at the heart of Roman Britain. This rebellion had followed Rome’s betrayal of her late husband’s will, which had named the Roman Emperor as well as Boudicca’s daughters as his heirs in an effort to keep the peace. After suffering a flogging and the rape of her daughters, Boudicca began a campaign of revenge which did not end until 80,000 Romans were killed and many Roman cities sacked and burned. Her statue in modern-day London now stands as a reminder of her legend and bravery.</p>
<p>Much closer to home in the South End of Boston, there stands a memorial to another brave woman. The Harriet Tubman Memorial, also known as Step on Board, honors a woman who showed a different kind of bravery. Nicknamed “Moses” for her work in the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman not only escaped herself, but led roughly 300 slaves to freedom over the course of ten years. Neither Harriet nor any she helped escape were recaptured. This was all accomplished while suffering from a head injury which caused sleeping spells from which she could not be awakened. Her statue shows her holding a Bible in front of those she led to safety depicted on a vertical slab. On the back there are various quotes from Harriet Tubman, Fredrick Douglass, and Sarah Bradford. There is also a map depicting stops on the Underground Railroad.</p>
<p>Both Boudicca and Harriet Tubman are immortalized in bronze in the heart of two cities that each played an important role in their lives. They faced tremendous odds in order to lead their people to freedom and safety from tyranny, and their courage still inspires us today.</p>
Bibliography
<p>“Facts: Harriet Tubman.” Harriet Tubman Historical Society, www.harriet-tubman.org/facts/.</p>
<p>“Step on Board/Harriet Tubman Memorial.” Boston.gov, Boston Art Commission, 26 June 2019, www.boston.gov/departments/arts-and-culture/boston-art-commission.</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Sonia Marks, Student, FSU
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Pagan Rose Maeve, Alum, Fitchburg State University
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London, UK - Statue of Boudicca; Boston, MA - Statue of Harriet Tubman
african american
african festival
boston
england
hammondexhibition
massachusetts
photography ii fall 2017
statue
women
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Title
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Connecting the Classical to New England
Still Image
Catalog Entry
<p>Saint Mark’s Horses in Venice have a long, well-traveled history, especially for horses that are not actually living creatures. Cast of copper and various other elements, they are an outstanding example of human ingenuity (Alunno-Rossetti and Marabelli 161). The cause of their creation is unknown; however, their design is exemplary and their path throughout Europe is well-known. Their original location atop the Hippodrome in Istanbul could mean they were a tribute to their venue at the track, located in a long dismantled empire. Then they arrived in Italy at St. Mark’s Basilica, moving to the top of Arc de Triomphe in France with Napoleon Bonaparte, and finally back to St. Mark’s (Dowson). They will most likely never return to Istanbul, where they originated, as they are too fragile and they have already undergone major tests their structural integrity in Italy. The preservation of these horses has become as important as their heritage. The horses have been damaged by air pollution, salt, and sun. They have also been damaged during their many travels (Alunno-Rossetti and Marabelli 162). <br /><br /> Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts, is an important part of cultural heritage in New England. Thoreau, the mid-nineteenth century author and a founder of American conservation, lived a quiet life on Walden Pond, and he documented it in his book <em>Walden</em>. He also wrote about his many travels in Maine, a trip to Canada, and of course about civil disobedience. He found great happiness in the simplest things and in the many journeys of life. He probably would have made a quest for the conservation of St Mark’s Horses because they have a high cultural and artistic value. He may not have been into fancy attire or factory lines; what he valued were classical traditions and classic literature, and these horses were created in classical times. Thoreau would have valued the preservation of St. Mark’s Horses as he was for maintaining the arts, and he would have been devastated by the environmental causes of their disintegration (Walden Woods Project). <br /><br /> If Thoreau were to discuss St. Mark’s Horses, it would be through journeys of conquest and classical tradition in Homeric literature. Thoreau celebrated Odysseus and his many conquests and voyages, for Thoreau felt it was important for man to journey to find the best in life. The peace you discover in the world as an explorer was more powerful than any belonging you could have. Odysseus himself is similar to St. Mark’s Horses and their various travels. Perhaps Thoreau would have celebrated the journeys of St. Mark’s Horses as well, a symbol moved from place to place thriving and setting example as to just how amazing man is. Just as Thoreau’s voyages and journeys took him through Massachusetts, Maine, and even into Canada, Odysseus journeyed to find his greatest gifts and to evade a restless sedentary life. Thoreau’s epic journey, Odysseus’s epic journey, and St. Mark’s Horses are all connected with a story of travel and a wish for one last journey home.</p>
Bibliography
<p>Alunno-Rossetti, V., and M. Marabelli. “Analyses of the Patinas of a Gilded Horse of St Mark's Basilica in Venice: Corrosion Mechanisms and Conservation Problems.” <em>Studies in Conservation</em>, vol. 21, no. 4, 1976, pp. 161–170. <em>JSTOR</em>, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1505640</p>
<p>Dowson, Thomas. “The Horses of St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice.” <em>Archaeology Travel</em>. 2 May 2018, https://archaeology-travel.com/friday-find/the-horses-of-st-marks-basilica-in-venice/. Accessed 2 May 2018.</p>
<p>“Henry David Thoreau.” <em>The Walden Woods Project</em>, https://www.walden.org/thoreau/. Accessed 4 May 2018.</p>
<p>Thoreau, Henry David. <em>Walden, and On the Duty of Civil Disobedience</em>. 1995. <em>Project Gutenberg</em>, www.gutenberg.org/files/205/205-h/205-h.htm.</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Robert D. Gosselin, Alum, Fitchburg State University
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Bob Williams, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Alex Voyiatzis, Student, Fitchburg State University
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Title
A name given to the resource
Venice, Italy - St. Mark’s Horses; Concord, MA - Thoreau's Walden Pond
alum
animal
author
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
environment
FAMExhibition
italy
massachusetts
statue
thoreau
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Connecting the Classical to New England
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The cultural heritage point I chose for this project is the Dogana da Mar Venice Atlas, which is located in Venice, Italy. The statue is of two Atlas’s holding up the world on top of the Punta della Dogana, which is an art museum located around the Dogana da Mar building. This piece I thought has similar features to the Minuteman Statue located in Lexington, Massachusetts. They both are made of bronze. They both have symbolic meanings to something else. They both represent more than they are. They are representative to groups as a whole. <br /><br />For the Atlas statue, it is representative of Venice as a whole and is a form of union strength with Atlas showing off how he can hold the entire world on his shoulders. On a top the golden globe that Atlas is holding is a goddess. The goddess is Fortune. The intended purpose for the goddess was to be a weather vane. It is also symbolic to show that you never know what life has in store for you and that you should always remember that fate can be unpredictable so be on your toes. <br /><br />The Minuteman Statue is of a man named Captain John Parker. He was the leader of Lexington Military during 1775 during various battles that were located in Lexington and Concord. Cpt. Parker was represented by various models with one of them being a Medford native Arthur Mather, who was a cartoonist. The term “minuteman” was used to describe the military as a whole. It was meant to show respect to those who were the first responders during any threat that had occured. <br /><br />The two statues are representatives of the groups and a sense of loyalty and resemblance to a group that is meaningful to the area in which they are located. <br /><br />For the literary connection to them I thought that the "Star Spangled Banner" was an appropriate representation of being symbolic to a group. With the song being the national anthem it is already representative of the United States as a whole, putting all the people within the country into sixteen lines. The song was created from the War of 1812 when the British ships were being bombed and lighting up the sky. The song was created as a poem by Francis Scott being representative to the United States military just like the Minuteman Statue was created to show and represent in a physical way. The three works have the sense that community is important to the local area that they are a part of. The Star Spangled Banner was meant to have heart warming feel to those that are graced to hear within our nation and is all around different sports events within the states to show that we all are one represented by those that play. The Doganga da Mar Atlas is that physical form of showing the nation of Venice as a whole just like the Minuteman Statue for those that served in the military at the time with other volunteers also.
Bibliography
<p>Alchin, Linda. “War of 1812 (Aka the 'Second War for Independence').” <em>United States History for Kids</em>, www.american-historama.org/1801-1828-evolution/star-spangled-banner-lyrics.htm. Accessed , 9 Jan. 2018.<br /><br /> “Dogana Da Mar.” <em>Venice the Future</em>, www.venicethefuture.com/schede/uk/132?aliusid=132. Accessed 4 May 2018<br /><br /> “Minuteman Statue.” <em>Visit Lexington MA</em>, www.tourlexington.us/attractions/pages/minuteman-statue.</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Steven Collins, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Venice, Italy - Dogana da Mar Venice Atlas; Lexington, MA - Minuteman Monument
american revolution
classical tradition spring 2018
italy
massachusetts
statue
venice
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Connecting the Classical to New England
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Within Herman Melville’s <em>Moby Dick</em>, Ishmael’s telling of Ahab’s revenge-seeking quest against Moby Dick proves that the ship captain was fighting for something that was taken from him and how important it was. He believed that he had to brave out the stormy seas to receive some sort of personal justice. This story, along with the photos of the Trafalgar Square Mermaid Fountain in London, England and Clinton, Massachusetts’ Foster Fountain, have a deeper cultural significance than we may think. <br /><br />Dr. Tracy’s photo pictures the graceful elegance of a mermaid swimming with a few dolphins. There is, however, more to this fountain than what one would see at first glance. This fountain was put in place as a memorial for Admiral David Beatty, who was a Royal Navy officer. He was said to have been a powerful leader and knew how to organize winning battles. Both Captain Ahab and David Beatty were strong-willed and knew how they wanted to approach these dangerous situations. <br /><br />The Foster Fountain in Clinton, MA is one of two war monuments put in place (Boyce 21). This fountain is there to represent the Clinton residents that served in the Spanish-American War. The connection between this monument and the Trafalgar Mermaid Fountain is the meaning behind the two. Both are where they are to memorialize brave soldiers who fought for what they believed in. Captain Ahab did something similar in<em> Moby Dick</em>, going after the whale that stole his leg from him. None of these people stopped until they were either victorious or died trying. As it was said in <em>Moby Dick</em>, “I try all things; I achieve what I can,” and that seems to be what these soldiers lived by (Melville). <br /><br />Knowing that they could only fight their best fight, Beatty and the Spanish-American war veterans were able to give all that they had. Ahab only did the same even if at some points he questioned himself. Even then he knew deep down that he had to fight for his revenge, no matter the cost. It’s important to remember those who had fought for what they believed in because without them we wouldn’t be as inspired to fight for what we believe in. <br /><br />A smaller, but still significant commonality between these heritage sites share is that they are both fountains. This water that surrounds them not only connects to the Navy, which Beatty was apart of, but it also connects them to Melville’s <em>Moby Dick</em> and Captain Ahab. <br /><br />Communities are brought together by such monuments and they “represent that community’s chosen method of remembrance” (WarMemorials). This type of heritage, whether it be across countries or throughout literature, play a large role in how we remember the important happenings in history. Even though these monuments have little in common stylewise, they have a deeper commonality once we dig deeper. It’s always important to learn about cultural heritage because there may be a lot that we’re missing when we’re simply looking rather than really seeing them for what they are. Without these sites, we’d have nothing to help us remember.
Bibliography
<p style="text-align:center;">Works Cited</p>
Boyce, Philip R. “One Hundred Sixty Fourth Annual Report.” <em>ClintonMA.Gov</em>, www.clintonma.gov/FY2013%20Annual%20Town%20Report.pdf.<br /><br /> “Importance of War Memorials.” <em>War Memorials</em>, 2017,<br /> www.warmemorials.org/uploads/publications/64.pdf.<br /><br /> Melville, Herman. <em>Moby Dick</em>. London, 1851.
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Molly Potter, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Brooke Pelletier, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dennis Pikul, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
London, UK - Trafalgar Square Mermaid Fountain; Clinton, MA - Foster Fountain
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
clinton
fountain
london
massachusetts
mermaid
statue
war
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Connecting the Classical to New England
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The statue of Queen Anne at St. Paul's Cathedral in London was built in commemoration for the completion of St. Paul's Cathedral in 1712. St. Paul’s Cathedral had been affected by the Great Fire of London in 1666, and it was during Queen Anne's reign that the cathedral was rebuilt. The project was completed in 1710, and the statue of Queen Anne was erected in 1712. The statue that stands today is not the original, but a replica that replaced the original in 1885. The statue depicts Queen Anne at the top and four women at the base. Each of the four women represents one of the territories Queen Anne ruled over during her reign, which were England, France, North America, and Ireland. The woman that represents Britain wears the armor of Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare, showing the acceptance of Rome’s occupancy of Britain in the past. She also holds a trident which demonstrates that anything, including the sea, could not contain Britain's power at the time. They had a powerful, developing navy which allowed for an even greater ability in warfare than they already had. <br /><br />The Fisherman’s Memorial at the Gloucester Harbor in Gloucester, Massachusetts commemorates fishermen who have been lost at sea through the years. The statue at the memorial is also called “Man at the Wheel” as it depicts a fisherman holding the helm of a ship. The memorial is not only a tribute to the dead but also a reminder of how dangerous the occupation is. Contained within this memorial is a time capsule that contains forty-seven items that capture the culture and history of Gloucester in 1923 when the statue was commissioned. The inclusion of the time capsule emphasizes the importance of legacy to the individuals who commissioned the project. The statue also became a symbol of Gloucester’s Gorton Fisheries in 1904, demonstrating the pride citizens of Gloucester express for the courage of the fishermen. There are even well-known names on the register of the memorial like the crew of the “Andrea Gail,” which is the ship that is the epicenter of the novel <em>The Perfect Storm. </em><br /><br />Like the statue of Queen Anne, the Fishermen’s Memorial illustrates the location’s connection to the sea and the importance it had to the society that the statue belongs to. Queen Anne reigned during a time of significant developments in the English navy which was influenced by Britain's increased concern with its political climate. The English navy would later become the Royal Navy and played a major role in many of the wars that Britain would participate in through the years. The Fishermen's Memorial is an acknowledgment of the dedication and sacrifice of not only the fishermen but their families, as well. A memorial for fishermen's wives has been added to the area of the Fishermen's memorial, and the name register has opened up to include women and children and fatalities not only occurring at sea, but those that have occurred in harbors, rivers, and lakes alike.
Bibliography
<p>Carlsen, Carl. “The Fishermen’s Memorial and the Fishermen’s Wives Memorial (Gloucester<br /> Harbor): Location, History, and Legends.” <em>Poetry of Places in Essex County</em>, North Shore Community College, myweb.northshore.edu/users/ccarlsen/poetry/gloucester/memorialshistory.htm Accessed 2 May 2018.<br /><br /> Meeke, Kieran. “The Statue of Queen Anne at St. Paul’s.” <em>Secret London</em>, 26 March 2010, <br /> secret-cities.com/2010/03/26/the-statue-of-queen-anne-at-st-pauls/<br /><br /> Winterhaze13. “The English Navy 1649-1815.” <em>All Empires</em>, July 2006,<br /> www.allempires.com/article/index.php?q=english_navy_1649-1815</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Ashley Grant, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Mel Ellis, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
London, UK – Statue of Queen Anne; Gloucester, MA – The Fishermen’s Memorial
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
deities
london
massachusetts
mythology
statue
women
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Connecting the Classical to New England
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War is an unfortunate reality of life. Many civilizations prepare for war and have many factions and groups dedicated to protecting the nation form invaders. Those who fall in war often receive monuments, dedicated by those they gave their lives to protect. War has a dire impact on society, and many lives are impacted by its arrival. Much can be learned of cultures through their memorials and monuments, such as their value of warriors, and how sacrifice and loss are processed by the population. Monuments to the fallen have been erected around the world since the times of the Ancient Greeks. One such monument that was placed to honor those fallen soldiers was the Statue of Minerva in Rome, Italy. <br /><br />The Statue of Minerva, located in the Gallery Il Vittoriano in Rome, Italy, is a tall statue of the Roman goddess Minerva. Dedicated as a monument to fallen soldiers, the statue serves as a reminder of those who have given their lives to defend others. Minerva is the Roman goddess of battle, the arts, and craft. Minerva is also heralded as a protector of soldiers on the battlefield. Those who had family on the battlefield would often pray to Minerva, asking to keep their loved ones safe, and to ensure their victory. This aspect of Minerva is detailed further in the <em>Iliad</em>, written by the epic poet Homer. In Book 6 of the <em>Iliad, </em>Hector, the Prince of Troy, falls back from the battle to ask his mother to pray to the goddess Minerva to protect the Trojan troops: “’Holy Minerva,’ she cried, ‘Protectress of our city, mighty goddess, break the spear of Diomed and lay him low before the Scaean gates.’” (Homer, Book 6). The Trojan women call upon Minerva to stop the Grecian warrior Diomed and to protect the Trojan troops and city. The idea of calling upon one to protect the homeland from an invading force is not limited to the ancient Romans. Civilizations spanning the globe and across time have built monuments memorializing the soldiers who have given their lives in battle. <br /><br />The Memorial to the Lexington Minuteman located on Lexington Battle Green in Lexington, MA, United States, also is dedicated to fallen soldiers. The Minutemen were civilians tasked with defending the newborn America from the British. These citizens were not officially trained and instead were citizens whom coalesced together to form a militia for the colonies. Much like the Statue of Minerva at Il Vittoriano, the Minuteman Monument at Lexington is dedicated to those colonists that sacrificed their lives in order to defend their home and families. And like Minerva, the Minutemen and other militia members were seen as the protectors of an infant America and were praised and honored after death. The fact that these two statues, separated by thousands of miles and hundreds of years, were created to serve the same purpose proves that soldiers will never be forgotten. Those who fall protecting their homeland from invaders have been memorialized since ancient times and will continue to be remembered.
Bibliography
<p>Chu, David S.C., et al. “Decision Making for Defense.” <em>New Challenges, New Tools for Defense Decisionmaking</em>, 1st ed., RAND Corporation, 2003, pp. 13–32. <em>JSTOR</em>, www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/mr1576rc.10.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Pettyjohn, Stacie L. “Continental Defense, 1783–1815.” <em>U.S. Global Defense Posture, 1783–2011</em>, RAND Corporation, 2012, pp. 15–18. <em>JSTOR</em>, www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt24hrv8.11.</p>
<p><br /> Van Evera, Stephen. “Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War.” <em>International Security</em>, vol. 22, no. 4, 1998, pp. 5–43. <em>JSTOR</em>, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2539239.</p>
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Nick Elliott, Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Tatiana Maldonado, Student, Fitchburg State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Rome, Italy - Gallery Il Vittoriano Statue of Minerva; Lexington, MA - Minuteman Monument
american revolution
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
deities
italy
massachusetts
statue
war
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Connecting the Classical to New England
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As an ancient country, Rome was built by the twins named Romulus and Remus. Amulius is the brother of grandfather of the twins, who plans to kill them for the power. The result is that the twins are saved by a she-wolf. The she-wolf brings them up until a shepherd discovers them. Finally, the twins become the founders of Rome. It is the story of the picture The She-Wolf. <br /><br />In the sculpture named The Capitoline Wolf with Romulus and Remus, a similar image to The She-Wolf, two boys are fed by a she-wolf. In Japan, several legends are related to She-Wolf. For example, Japanese Prince called Yamatotakeru is guided by a wolf once when he loses his way during one of his campaigns. Similarly, The Turki, one branch of the Hun people, are killed out by neighboring kingdoms, with only one ten-year-old boy survivor. He is saved and brought up by a she-wolf and they have ten babies. Known by kingdoms, the boy is killed finally. While the she-wolf flees away with their ten children. Surprisingly, they prospered and took wolf as their totem. Another similar legend talks about a god wolf, who guides the victory of the war. Besides, in the history written in the ancient Asia the wolf is regarded as the symbol or the ancestor. For instance, the Mongolians are descendants of a god wolf and a white deer; the Uigur people take wolf as a symbol of bravery; wolf becomes the ancestor of the Ainu people. It is related to the photo I chosen before, which tells the story about how Rome was founded. The she-wolf saves and brings up Romulus and Remus who are twins and build up Rome later. Those above exemplify that the she-wolf is paramount in a great range of world culture as a symbol or a belief. <br /><br />Some scholars show the suspicion about the twins’ growth. Look at the words in <em>The Classical Weekly</em> [3]: “Sceptics who have their doubts concerning the truth of the story recorded in Livy" (1.4.6). Concerning the suckling of Romulus and Remus by a she-wolf will have their scepticism jarred by the following, printed in <em>The New York Herald Tribune</em>, April 5, 1927: Allahabad, India, April 4: "A seven-year old boy was rescued by an Allahabad police executive in the Maiwana district, several miles from human habitation, where he had been living with wolves. The child is completely wild, moves on his hands and knees and on his back are protuberances resembling a series of hardened corns.” This boy is finally brought to an asylum. That is to say, it is not easy to be a normal person under such a wild circumstances. Therefore, the scholars doubt that whether the twins can be normal ones after living in a wild environment for a long time. Other legends claim the city is named after a woman, Roma [4]. But the version of twins is the best popular one among several different legends. <br /><br />Menotomy Native American Hunter [5] is a statue located in Arlington, MA, created in 1911 by Sculptor Cyrus E. Dal. The She-wolf is used in a popular Roman myth where the wolf had protected and nurtured the abandoned brothers Romulus and Remus, being very protective and conscious of its surroundings. In a way this statue of the hunter shows equal signs of defensive survival. She-wolf contributes much to the building of Rome, which shows its great powerful symbol of its time. It is not a kind-hearted creature. It is a defensive animal contrarily. Otherwise, the hunter holds some arrows in his hand which shows a necessary protection and survival.
Bibliography
[1] The Capitoline Wolf with Romulus and Remus: Musei Capitolini, Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome
[2] She-Wolf mosaic: Garcia, Brittany. "Romulus and Remus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 18 Apr 2018. Web. 29 Apr 2018. https://www.ancient.eu/Romulus_and_Remus/
[3] Burriss, Eli Edward. “Romulus, Remus, and the She-Wolf.” The Classical Weekly, vol. 21, no. 13, 1928, pp. 104–104. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4389078.
[4] Mark, Joshua J. "Ancient Rome." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 02 Sep 2009. Web. 29 Apr 2018. https://www.ancient.eu/Rome/
[5] Menotomy Native American Hunter statue Arlington MA. http://freedomsway.org/redesign2/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/arlington-dallin-indian-hunter-1024x1015.jpg
Photographer(s)
Kisha G. Tracy
Catalog Entry Author(s)
Mingmin Miao , Student, Fitchburg State University
Research Assistant(s)
Tenzin Dhakpa, Student, Fitchburg State University
Chris Lach, Student, Fitchburg State University
Zachary Romero, Student, Fitchburg State University
Victoria Weeks, Student, Fitchburg State University
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Title
A name given to the resource
Rome, Italy - The She-Wolf Mural; Arlington, MA - Menotomy Native American Hunter
british literature I spring 2018
classical tradition spring 2018
italy
massachusetts
mural
mythology
statue